码头油品蒸气云爆炸事故危害评价

运用“蒸气云爆炸”模型,对某码头油品蒸气云爆炸事故危害程度进行分析评价,得出油品爆炸事故危害程度分布的规律,为码头安全运行提供参考。     

加油站爆炸事故的危险性评价

将加油站储罐分为地上储罐和地下储罐两种情况,采用故障树分析法对其爆炸事故进行了定性分析,找出了导致加油站爆炸事故的重要基本事件,提出了加油站爆炸事故的预防措施。     

废弃打印机硒鼓回收过程墨粉防爆研究

对打印机墨粉爆炸的有关参数(包括最大爆炸压力、爆炸指数Kmax、爆炸下限、粉尘层着火温度、粉尘云着火温度)进行了研究。结果表明:墨粉的爆炸压力比其组成树脂粉低,这可能与其中不可燃的磁性氧化铁添加物有关;墨粉的爆炸指数为18,易于发生燃烧和爆炸;墨粉的爆炸下限(<50 g/m3)较低,爆炸上限很高,易于形成可爆粉尘云,但高于400℃时不着火,不易发生自燃。研究结果将为废弃硒鼓墨粉的防爆提供基础数据,对防灾决策的深入研究具有参考价值。     

燃气爆炸荷载下隧道砌体损伤规律与事故影响范围研究

为降低隧道内燃气爆炸时砖砌体抛射物造成人员伤亡的概率,以中缅油气管道隧道砖砌体为研究对象,建立3种不同类型砖砌体的数值模型,将燃气爆炸荷载简化为三角形荷载,基于LS-DYNA软件,研究燃气爆炸荷载下隧道砖砌体结构的损伤规律与砖砌体抛射物的潜在影响范围.研究结果表明:砖砌体在天然气爆炸荷载作用下,可能会发生整体破坏,产生...     

易燃易爆有毒煤气贮存系统危险性评价

通过对长沙市曙光电子集团动力公司1万m^3煤气贮存系统危险性因素分析,进行了煤气贮存系统火灾、爆炸、毒性危险性的评价,针对煤气贮存系统的火灾、爆炸、毒性事故隐患,提出了事故防范的安全对策。     

瓦斯爆炸传播过程中障碍物激励效应的数值模拟

笔者对瓦斯爆炸传播过程中的障碍物的激励效应的物理机制进行了分析 ,并构建了相应的物理模型 ,设计了 3种情况下 ,对冲击波经过障碍物附近时的变化特征进行了数值模拟。结论表明 ,非燃烧区的障碍物同样存在激励效应 ,激励效应取决于瓦斯爆炸冲击波的初始强度 ,即爆轰状态激励效应最为强烈。     

Vent Sizing Criteria for Partial Volume Deflagration

The accidental spill of volatile solvents or the release of flammable gases within equipment and buildings is likely to form fuel concentration gradients unless efficient mixing is provided. As a consequence, even small amounts of fuel can form flammable clouds, and partial volume deflagrations may occur. Nevertheless, few indications are given in international guidelines for vent sizing and only over-conservative well-mixed stoichiometric assumptions are used. In this paper, we propose a predictive methodology for the evaluation of the dynamics of partial volume deflagration, aiming at defining useful correlations for the design of vent devices, starting from the fundamental equation for the rate of pressure rise and flame propagation in closed vessel. We define a ‘stratified gas deflagration index’ K_G(m), where m is the filling ratio, and use it with the most common design equations for vent sizing. The approach has been validated by means of a CFD code for the simulation of stratified laminar methane–air explosion by varying both filling ratio and volume.     

Thermo-kinetic modelling of dust explosions

The guidelines for protection and mitigation against hazard coming from dust explosion require the knowledge and then the evaluation either experimentally or theoretically of the thermo-kinetic parameters (i.e. K_St, P_max). We developed a numerical tool for the evaluation of the thermo-kinetic parameters of dust explosion. This model is based on the simulations of the combustion reaction by means of a detailed reaction mechanism assuming that the pyrolysis/devolatilization step is very fast and then gas combustion is controlling dust explosion. The model allows then the determination of the most conservative values of K_St, S_l, P_max. In the present paper we calculated the deflagration index and the laminar burning velocity for dusts utilized in various process industries (i.e. cornstarch, polyethylene, cellulose) as function of dust concentration. The obtained data were successfully compared with the available experimental results.     

Numerical analysis of gas explosion inside two rooms connected by ducts

Simulations of gas explosion of hydrogen/air mixture inside two rooms connected by ducts are carried out. Scalar transport chemical reaction model and LES turbulence model are utilized to reduce the calculation load and to conduct real-scale analysis. The effects of ignition source locations and volume of ignited room are analyzed, and the time history of pressure and rate of pressure rise in each room are focused in this study. When the volume of the ignited room is larger than the other room, the high pressure from the other room causes a force to act on the partition to the ignited room. This study indicates that the current technique can predict specific features of gas explosions inside two rooms connected by the ducts.     

A quantitative risk assessment tool for the external safety of industrial plants with a dust explosion hazard

A quantitative risk assessment (QRA) tool has been developed by TNO for the external safety of industrial plants with a dust explosion hazard. As a first step an industrial plant is divided into groups of modules, defined by their size, shape, and constructional properties. Then the relevant explosion scenarios are determined, together with their frequency of occurrence. These include scenarios in which one module participates, as well as domino scenarios. The frequency is partly based on casuistry.

A typical burning velocity is determined depending on the ignition type, the dust properties and the local conditions for flame acceleration. The resulting pressure development is predicted with the ‘thin flame model’. Module failure occurs when the explosion load exceeds thresholds, which are derived from single degree of freedom (SDOF) calculations for various types of modules. A model has been developed to predict the process of pressure venting after module failure and the related motion of launched module parts.

The blast effects of the primary explosion are based on results from calculations with BLAST3D. The blast and flame effects of the secondary external explosion due to venting are calculated using existing models. The throw of fragments and debris is quantified with a recently developed model. This model is based on trajectory calculations and gives the impact densities, velocities, and angles as output. Furthermore the outflow of bulk material is taken into account. The consequences for external objects and human beings are calculated using existing models. Finally the risk contours and the Societal risk (FN curve) are calculated, which can be compared to regulations.