Safety testing of pesticides and methods of evaluating human exposure in the field

Abstract

The importance of field surveys to provide data on acute pesticide hazards is discussed. The types of questions which small field surveys of pesticide exposure should answer are presented. In addition to protective clothing, the value of distance, time, and personal hygiene in reducing exposure are considered. Finally, the importance of an adequate data base for the development of protocols and guidelines for public protection is discussed.     

秦皇岛海岸侵蚀动态研究

利用不同时期的地形图、遥感图片对比,并选取典型海岸岸滩监测剖面实测数据,对海岸侵蚀现状进行了分析和定量计算。分析结果显示,秦皇岛海岸全线处于侵蚀状态,平均蚀退率1.5～4 m/a,根据蚀退率可将秦皇岛海岸划分为严重侵蚀、强侵蚀、侵蚀、微侵蚀、稳定5种岸线侵蚀类型。     

Pilot sample risk analysis for underground coal mine fires and explosions using MSHA citation data

After three decades of sustained continuous improvement of mine safety performances in the US, mine disasters in 2006 and 2007 compromised an excellent record and presented new challenges and vulnerabilities for the underground coal mining industry. In the aftermath of the incidents, formal investigations and new scrutiny of mine safety by the US Congress and expert study groups followed. The US Congress passed the Mine Improvement and New Emergency Response Act of 2006 (MINER Act), which mandated new laws to address the issues, including those related to mine fires and explosions from which miners must be protected. The National Mining Association-sponsored Mine Safety Technology and Training Commission report highlighted the role of risk analysis and management in identifying and controlling major hazards, such as fires and explosions. In this paper an approach is given for analyzing the risks for fires and explosions based on the Mine Safety and Health Administration citation database. Using 2006 citation data and focusing on subsystem failures, the methodology is applied to a database for a pilot sample of underground coal mines stratified by mine size and state.     

Ecotoxicological effects assessment in the Netherlands: Recent developments

In a recently published annex to the National Environmental Policy Plan of the Netherlands (1989), attention was paid to ecotoxicological effects assessment. The proposed procedure was based on the advice of the Health Council of the Netherlands (1989) on risk assessment of toxic chemicals for ecosystems. The various extrapolation methods described by the Health Council are critically discussed in this paper. The extrapolation method of Van Straalen and Denneman (1989) is evaluated for eight chemicals and 11 aquatic species. Conclusions are drawn about the quality and quantity of the ecotoxicological data needed for aquatic effects assessment. For the soil—a compartment that is often at risk—ecotoxicological effects assessment is not possible because suitable ecotoxicological test methods still have to be developed.     

关于安全经济学的探讨

本文主要论述了如下基本概念问题: 1、安全的主要经济功能是保障社会经济的增值和有效地减少事故的经济损失。本文试图构造增值函数I(S)和损失函数L(S)来描述其功能。 2、安全经济学的基本任务是研究安全的经济效益和安全的经济利益规律,使其有效地调整和协调安全与经济的关系,指导安全经济决策。 3、本文试提出发展安全经济学应遵循的三个基本原理。 4、为综合揭示安全经济规律,本文还探讨了安全经济的功能函数F(S)、成本函数C(S)、负担函数B(S)和效益函数E(S)。 5、针对实际应用,本文还提出了一种安全投资的评价方法及其优化理论。     

试用“三论”探索我国安全生产宏观管理模式

本文试用系统论、控制论和信息论的观点探索我国安全生产宏管理模式。文中主要分析了生产安全系统的内涵;行业生产安全系统的内涵;以及生产安全系统的宏观控制的内涵。并指出了行业生产安全系统是生产安全系统的主体控制系统,劳动安全监察系统是生产安全系统的强化控制系统。     

安全科学技术也是第一生产力(第一部份)

本文提出安全科学技术也是第一生产力的观点。文中简析了科学、技术和科学技术的内涵及其相互关系;研究了科学技术与生产力的关系;阐述安全科学技术也是第一生产力:探讨了发展高科技与安全科学技术的关系;安全科学技术发展中应注意的问题。     

关于现代中国安全生产管理体系研究：管理、法规、文化

对我国安全生产管理的宏观及微观形势分析，论证了安全生产与国民经济的关系。特别指出从根本上遏制新的事故高峰，关键应强化“大安全观”的安全生产管理体系建设与实践。研究向市场经济转换过程中的中国安全减灾业的发展及管理思路，重点探索了体系化管理、安全文化及安全生产法的主题。     

风险学与安全减灾─—从参加“风险科学与管理”国际研讨会谈起

阐述建立风险学的重要性，探讨了开展安全减灾风险评价与管理的关键问题。概要介绍国内外风险水平的表征、识别方法及指标体系，并提出风险管理的基本原则。引入风险地图、危机管理、风险数学、应急与预警等现代概念及方法，基本反映了在瑞典召开的“新区开发中的风险科学与管理”国际会议的内容。     

广深准高速铁路安全管理模式探讨

广深准高速铁路的开通运营，以及广深铁路公司股份制改造，从客观上要求改革与优化铁路安全管理体制，建工新的铁路安全管理模式。本文构造了广深铁路安全管理模式，满足国家确定的“企业负责，行业管理，国家监察，群众监督”的安全工作体制要求，引入风险管理，实行事故保险，提出应该以安全文化作为新模式的软件，优化新的安全管理体制。