基于物联网技术的火灾自动报警系统研究

本文针对目前火灾自动报警系统存在的问题,通过对物联网技术及特点作简要介绍,提出了将其引入火灾自动报警系统具有可行性,并在现有物联网技术的基础上提出实现火灾自动报警系统网络的模式。通过对监控和传输方式的改善,可以提高火灾自动报警系统的稳定性和可靠性,为火灾自动报警系统的设计和发展提供参考。     

浅析石化企业常用气体报警器的特性及使用中的注意事项

介绍了气体检测报警器中催化燃烧式、红外式、电化学式、光电离式传感器的工作原理,提出了不同气体检测报警器使用中的注意事项。     

大型选煤厂粉尘在线监测与智能喷雾降尘系统研究

为解决大型选煤厂粉尘污染问题,提出了粉尘在线监测与智能喷雾相结合的降尘技术.以同煤集团塔山选煤厂输煤系统为研究背景,采用理论分析、现场实测及数值模拟等方法对输煤系统尘源扩散机理进行了研究.采用κ-ε湍流模型、欧拉模型和离散相模型(DPM)进行模拟,选择SIMPLE算法进行计算.模拟结果与实测数据基本一致.结果表明:在诱导风流的作用下输煤系统粉尘质量浓度较大,并以给料机及导料槽为中心径向逐步降低;同时,粉尘在线监测与智能喷雾降尘技术能有效降低输煤系统空间粉尘质量浓度,改善作业环境,空间粉尘质量浓度保持在国家标准以下.     

Variable predation risk and the dynamic nature of mosquito antipredator responses to chemical alarm cues

Summary. Predation is a pervasive selective agent highly variable in space and time. Due to the costs associated with antipredator responses, prey would be at a selective advantage if they respond to predation threats with an intensitfy matching the threat posed by the predator. Many aquatic organisms have been shown to use chemical alarm cues present in the water to assess the level of risk in their environment. This includes mosquito larvae which show antipredator responses to conspecific alarm cues. In this study, we investigated the nature of the responses of larval mosquitoes Culex restuans to those cues. In our initial observations, we showed pond/population differences in the response intensity of C. restuans to alarm cues. In experiment 1, we showed that the response intensity to alarm cues could be increased by increasing the background level of risk in the mosquitoes’ environment (by adding salamander predators) and once turned on, the response intensity to alarm cues was likely maintained for the remainder of the mosquitoes’ aquatic life. In experiments 2 and 3, we investigated if the increase in response intensity to alarm cues was directly correlated with the level of background risk in the mosquitoes’ environment. When given increasing levels of background risk, mosquito larvae subsequently showed a graded response to conspecific alarm cues. This series of experiments demonstrates that the response intensity of larval mosquitoes to a standard concentration of alarm cues is not fixed, but rather dependent on the background level of risk in the environment. An understanding of the background level of risk is particularly important for comparing antipredator responses of prey between habitats.     

工作场所有毒有害气体检测报警的法规和技术要求

通过查阅国内外有关有毒有害气体检测报警的法规、标准和文献资料,阐述工作场所有毒气体检测报警的法规和技术要求。分析表明,我国有毒有害气体检测报警法律和配套标准不够完善,部分标准重复、交叉或矛盾,缺乏系统性和可操作性,与欧美发达国家标准有较大差距。因此,应加快技术标准的完善和研制,加强对不同作业场所有毒有害气体检测报警实际应用和主要问题的研究。     

多层建筑群内消防设施强化方案研究

由于建筑绿化及地面承重结构安全等功能需要,某多层高档建筑群难以按照现行规范要求设置消防车道,使消防车无法进入,给灭火救援带来一定的困难。以某企业总部为例,针对该问题提出了强化火灾自动报警系统、室外消火栓给水系统和兼职消防队伍建设等消防强化方案。通过数值模拟方法对整个建筑群内的火灾发展趋势进行模拟研究,分析火灾对建筑附近人员安全和周围建筑安全的影响,论证了该消防强化方案的有效性,可为类似建筑提供参考。     

Sensory complementation and the acquisition of predator recognition by salmonid fishes

Following disturbance, some aquatic prey species release chemicals that act as a warning cue and increase vigilance in nearby conspecifics. Such disturbance cues evoke consistent low intensity anti-predator responses. In contrast, alarm cues from injured conspecifics often evoke stronger intensity responses in prey animals. In this study, we test the sensory complement hypothesis, which suggests that multiple cues act in an additive or synergistic fashion to provide additional information for risk assessment by prey. In the first experiment, we showed that juvenile rainbow trout pre-exposed to disturbance cues respond to a given concentration of damage-released alarm cues with a higher intensity of response than the trout that were pre-exposed to cues from undisturbed conspecifics. The two cues acted in an additive fashion. In the second experiment, we demonstrated that disturbance cues alone were not enough to elicit a conditioned response to the odour of a novel predator. We also showed that while disturbance cues elicit an increase in the response of trout to alarm cues, this increase does not translate into a stronger learned response to the predator when the predator odour is paired with alarm cues. Future studies should take into account sensory complementation to avoid underestimating the responses of prey to predators.     

放射源在线监控系统设计与应用

为了防止在用放射源发生脱落、丢失、超标使用、私自转移等情况,最大限度避免辐射安全事故。有必要设计建立放射源在线监控系统,对放射源放射性指标(辐射剂量率)及所处位置(经纬度)实行连续的自动监测。并通过各级监管平台设置放射源超标、异动等报警程序,全面提升放射源科学监管水平。     

湖北省畜禽养殖污染现状及总量控制

通过畜禽产排污系数以及2011年湖北省的统计数据,估算出湖北省2011年畜禽养殖业畜禽粪便总量及COD、氮、磷的产生量,分析了污染物对环境污染的情况,并对湖北省畜禽养殖的环境容量和污染风险进行了初步评估。结果表明,2011年湖北省畜禽的粪便总量为8 479.8万t,主要分布在襄阳市、黄冈市、孝感市。全省粪便耕地负荷为16.2 t/hm~2/a,警报值为0.54,分级级数为II,对环境构成污染的威胁为"稍有"。全省氮、磷的耕地负荷分别为157.9 kg/hm~2/a、24.5 kg/hm~2/a,其中,鄂州市、黄冈市均超过欧盟限量标准(氮170 kg/hm~2/a、磷35 kg/hm~2/a)。2011年湖北省的实际养殖总量分别为7 868.5万头猪当量(N)、9 725.3万头猪当量(P),都超过畜禽50%环境容量(为4 599.4万头猪当量(N),7 161.1万头猪当量(P)。除了荆州市外,其他大部分地区的实际养殖数量都超过50%环境容量,这些地区应该严格控制畜禽的养殖数量并同时做好污染物消减措施。     

炼化过程工艺报警管理研究

为了从根本上减少炼化过程工艺参数的滋扰报警数量,提出一种工艺报警管理方法,包含管理和技术两个层面。在管理层面,明确报警管理职责与分工,报警参数、报警优先级及报警值的设置原则,以及在报警处置、报警考核等方面的要求;在技术层面,以报警的评估与优化技术为手段,从工艺和仪表方面减少报警数量,提升报警性能。现场应用效果表明,提出的报警管理方法可大幅减少炼化过程的无效报警数量,从而降低装置运行风险。