Elucidation of phosphorous sorption by calcareous soils using principal component analysis

This study was conducted to understand the mechanisms governing P-sorption and desorption by calcareous soils (up to 48% CaCO ₃). Batch experiments with KCl as background were carried out by adding varying amount of P up to 100 mgP.L^?1. The desorption percentage (%DES) results show that little P was released from the adsorbed phase. Principal component analysis was applied to evaluate the combined influence of soil components on P sorption. The complex P sorption process can be related to specific soil components by the following equation: P? sorption=?2.20 (CaCO ₃% )?0.04 (Fe? oxide)+0.04 (pHe)+11.02 (sand % )+3.35 (silt)?10.73 (clay)?1.24 (EC)?0.22 (OM)?0.81 (CEC)?1.93 (P? Olsen) (R²=0.9941, SSE=380). Sand% and clay% are the most significant variables for modelling P sorption data. The derived equation could be applied to predict P sorption in other soils that have similar compositions to those investigated herein. The degree of P saturation (DPS) threshold level for all soils was less than 3% except in the soil with the lowest iron oxide. All of the studied soils have exceeded the environmentally unacceptable P concentration except the soil with the lowest iron oxide content.     

利用循环流化床锅炉脱硫灰制备注浆材料

CFB锅炉脱硫灰中不含有球形玻珠,且含有较高的fCaO和SO3,不利于应用。通过对CFB锅炉脱硫灰制备的注浆材料的性能研究表明,CFB锅炉脱硫灰能够改善浆液的稳定性和结石率,但对流动性和结石体强度不利。通过掺入外加剂能够明显地改善浆液的性能,满足注浆工程的要求。     

贵州山区石灰土侵蚀及石漠化的地质原因分析

石灰土是广泛分布于亚热带喀斯特山区的一种非地带性土壤，近几十年来，位于西南喀斯特分布中心的贵州石灰土地区石漠化扩张速度明显加快，已经对该地区数千万群众的基本生存条件构成严重威胁。从地质学角度详细分析这一地区石灰土土壤侵蚀和土地石漠化的形成原因，分析结果表明：石灰土本身的矿物学特征和基本理化性质较好，并不是造成土壤侵蚀和石漠化的主要原因。石灰土成土速率慢，土壤允许流失量小；作为土壤营养库的富含有机质和矿质养分的表土层一旦被剥蚀，土壤结构迅速退化，土壤侵蚀愈演愈烈；喀斯特独特的二元结构和地形地貌是石灰土侵蚀的主要影响因子；石灰土与基岩之间缺少风化母质的过渡，岩土界面的土壤侵蚀是石灰土侵蚀的重要特征；这些因素才是导致石灰土地区土地石漠化的主要原因。     

垃圾肥在潮土上对花生的增产效果

在潮土上施用垃圾肥对花生产量和品质影响的研究结果表明，在较贫瘠的土壤上，垃圾肥单独或与Ｎ、Ｐ化肥配合施用，都有明显的增产效果：单独施用比对照增产率为９．３％～２９．１％，与化肥配合施用增产率为１０．８％～２０．５％。垃圾肥施用量在１５～３０ｔ／ｈｍ２时可获较高的增产效益。施用垃圾肥对花生仁中的粗蛋白质、粗脂肪和全磷含量有一定的提高。尽管所施用垃圾肥中含有一定量的有害元素，如Ｃｄ、Ｐｂ、Ｃｒ等，但花生仁中这些元素含量并不高，说明施垃圾肥是安全的。试验结果还表明；施用垃圾肥能提高土壤有机质、全氮以及有效Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｋ的含量。特别是有效微量元素含量提高幅度较大，Ｚｎ、Ｃｕ、Ｂ各处理平均是对照的２～１０倍，Ｆｅ、Ｍｎ、Ｍｏ比对照提高１７％～３８％。     

石灰性土壤中砷形态分级方法的比较及其最佳方案

通过对修改自Chang和Jackson及Manful的5种SEPs方法进行对比研究,确定适合于石灰性土壤砷分级的SEPs方法,即:1 mol·L-1 NH4Cl、0.5 mol·L-1 NH4F、0.1 mol·L-1 NaOH、0.5 mol·L-1 H2SO4分别提取松散结合态、Al-结合态、Fe-结合态和Ca-结合态的As,以HNO3-H2O2消煮法测定残渣态As含量.同时发现,前人常采用的"可还原态"提取步骤不适合用于石灰性土壤的砷分级.该分级方法的确立对于石灰性土壤砷污染的风险评价具有一定科学意义和实用价值.     

Phytoavaelability and extractability of copper and zinc in calcareous soil amended with composted Urban wastes

Abstract

A greenhouse experiment was conducted under simulated field conditions using large‐capacity plastic pots, filled each one with 25 kg of air‐dried calcareous soil. Besides the control, four treatments were prepared by applying separately two rates (20 and 80 Mg ha^‐1) of municipal solid waste (MSW) compost, and co‐composted municipal solid waste and sewage sludge (MSW‐SS). Lettuce was planted and harvested 2.5 months later. The application of composted urban wastes tended to increase Cu concentration in lettuce with respect to the control, but it was only significant when the higher rate of MSW compost was applied. The control showed values of Zn concentration in plant within a deficient range. In general, composted urban wastes treatments had increased Zn concentration values, which were within the sufficiency range. Both treatments with MSW compost increased Cu and Zn uptake in comparison with MSW‐SS co‐compost treatments. At the postharvest, all composted urban wastes treatments increased significantly DTPA‐extractable Cu content in soil with respect to the control; it was also significant the increase in AAAc‐EDTA‐extractable Cu in soil produced by the addition of the higher rate of MSW compost. The application of composted urban wastes increased significantly DTPA‐extractable and AAAc‐EDTA‐extractable Zn contents in soil versus the control, except for the lower rate of MSW‐SS co‐compost. The values of DTPA‐extractable/total ratio for Cu and Zn were under 10%, except for the treatment applying the higher rate of MSW compost which promoted higher values. The values of AAAc‐EDTA‐extractable/total ratio for Cu were above 10% in all treatments including the control. This tendency was also observed in AAAc‐EDTA‐extractable/total ratio for Zn when applying both rates of MSW compost or the higher rate of MSW‐SS co‐compost.     

中国西南乌江流域石灰土中微量金属的富集

为了解石灰土中微量金属的富集特征、机理及供给能力,本文以乌江流域9条石灰岩风化剖面为对象,运用R型聚类分析和质量平衡计算方法,研究了石灰岩风化过程中V、Co、Ni和Zn的富集问题,并获得了以下认识:(1)本区石灰土中V、Co、Ni和Zn的富集程度与其它地区的石灰土相当(甚至更高),高于上陆壳(UCC)、中国土壤(CS)和世界土壤(WS);(2)V、Co和Zn在石灰土中的富集主要与铁氧化物/氢氧化物等的吸附或共沉淀产生的淀积富集有关,而Ni的富集则主要与铝硅酸盐黏土矿物吸附和其它更易溶元素强烈迁出引起的弱残留富集有关。