含油污泥清洗剂的制备与研究

以异丙醇为溶剂,偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂,甲基丙烯酸(MAA)、丙烯酸丁酯(BA)和苯乙烯(St)为混合单体,通过溶液聚合的方法制备一种含油污泥清洗剂.介绍了该清洗剂的制备方法,考察了单体用量及清洗条件对清洗剂脱油性能的影响,探讨了清洗剂对含油污泥中原油不同组分的去除效率,并用红外光谱证实了所制备共聚物结构的官能团.清洗剂性能评价表明:单体用量和清洗条件均有最佳值,其中单体最佳质量比为MAA:BA:St=21:62:17,最佳清洗条件分别是:加药浓度为250 mg/L,水洗温度为60℃,反应时间为40 min;清洗剂对含油污泥中芳烃去除率最高,达93.0%.     

膜生物反应器中膜分离单元运行参数优化试验

用生活杂排水对膜生物反应器中膜分离单元的运行参数进行了优化试验研究，膜分离单元采用中空纤维超滤膜，试验表明，在适宜的反冲洗和化学清洗条件下，膜的透水率可及时、有效地恢复，使膜生物反应器能长期稳定地运行。     

吸附-微滤法对印染废水脱色的研究

采用氢氧化镁吸附与陶瓷膜微滤相结合进行活性染料废水脱色处理 .对预处理条件、微滤操作条件以及膜的化学清洗进行了研究 .结果表明 ,采用氢氧化镁吸附预处理的陶瓷膜微滤技术 ,对含活性染料的印染废水 ,具有脱色率高、操作简单的优点 .在合适的条件下 ,脱色率可达 98%以上 ,1 0 μm膜的通量在1 5 0L·m- 2 ·h- 1左右 ;采用 0 5mol·l- 1稀硝酸在一定条件下清洗 30min可使膜得到有效再生 .     

活性炭纤维过滤器在室内空气净化中的试验研究

利用活性炭纤维过滤器可以有效地去除室内空气中二氧化硫（SO2）、氮氧化物（NOx)等有害气体。污染气体浓度不同去除效率不同，浓度一定，而改变通过过滤器的风量，去除效率则随之改变。     

焦化生产中的清洁生产工艺与污染控制

本文阐述了焦化生产工艺的现状，指出目前焦化生产中污染治理技术存在的问题，探讨焦化清洁生产和污染物治理新技术。     

过滤-洗涤复合法净化饮食业油烟的试验研究

针对饮食业油烟捕集和清除的特点,开展了过滤-洗涤复合法净化油烟的试验研究。通过模拟试验给出了过滤风速、滤料厚度、喷液量和洗涤液浓度的合理范围,对过滤-洗涤式净化设备的研制与设计具有指导意义。     

数据清洗对污水处理厂生物建模可靠性影响研究

为应对污水处理厂出水水质要求的不断提升,通过生物建模技术降低污水处理厂碳源、除磷药剂投加量,实现达标排放同时降低运营成本已成为必要手段.然而,数据质量是影响模型可靠性的关键因素.为提高建模数据质量,本研究在生物建模过程中提出了系统性3步清洗方法：统计分析法标定可疑数据;物料平衡计算法剔除大误差并闭合流量平衡;污泥特征分析法修正污泥组分.应用该方法成功对天津宁河芦台桥北污水处理厂2019年1—7月历史水质数据、SCADA在线流量数据及补充采集的3日水质数据实现有效的清洗,并完成基于Biowin-ASDM活性污泥模型的生物建模案例研究.通过与直接利用原始数据进行模拟拟合的对比结果表明,应用清洗后的数据进行建模可有效提升模型可靠性,不但校正参数趋于合理,更可实现生化段主要污染物TSS、TCOD、TN、TP去除率的模拟误差≤3%.     

Towards a better hydraulic cleaning strategy for ultrafiltration membrane fouling by humic acid: Effect of backwash water composition

As a routine measurement to alleviate membrane fouling, hydraulic cleaning is of great significance for the steady operation of ultrafiltration (UF) systems in water treatment processes. In this work, a comparative study was performed to investigate the effects of the composition of backwash water on the hydraulic cleaning performance of UF membranes fouled by humic acid (HA). Various types of backwash water, including UF permeate, Milli-Q water, NaCl solution, CaCl₂ solution and HA solution, were compared in terms of hydraulically irreversible fouling index, total surface tension and residual HA. The results indicated that Milli-Q water backwash was superior to UF permeate backwash in cleaning HA-fouled membranes, and the backwash water containing Na⁺ or HA outperformed Milli-Q water in alleviating HA fouling. On the contrary, the presence of Ca^2 + in backwash water significantly decreased the backwash efficiency. Moreover, Ca^2 + played an important role in foulant removal, and the residual HA content closely related to the residual Ca^2 + content. Mechanism analysis suggested that the backwash process may involve fouling layer swelling, ion exchange, electric double layer release and competitive complexation. Ion exchange and competitive complexation played significant roles in the efficient hydraulic cleaning associated with Na⁺ and HA, respectively.     

Multicriteria decision support in a technology competition for cleaning polluted soil in Helsinki

Due to expansion of the capital area in Finland, industrial areas are being replanned for residential and commercial use. The soil in these areas is sometimes contaminated, and must therefore be cleaned before building. In spring 1997 the City of Helsinki and the National Technology Agency of Finland declared a contract-based competition for cleaning the polluted soil of the planned Toukolanranta residential area. Nine proposals entered the competition, and the problem was to choose three best candidates for test-cleaning a small part of the region considered. The winner of the test-cleaning phase will get the contract for cleaning the whole area. The proposals were evaluated based on five criteria defined by the competition board consisting of eight experts. The finalists were chosen aided by the SMAA-2 Stochastic Multicriteria Acceptability Analysis technique. SMAA-2 is a method for analysing what kind of preferences favour each alternative. This method is particularly useful in applications, where it is difficult or impossible to obtain accurate preference information. In this application SMAA-2 was observed to suit well for choosing a small set of best alternatives with different strengths and weaknesses.     

文丘里对脉冲喷吹过滤系统清灰的影响

在自建的脉冲喷吹实验台上，利用Y—YD-7044型压电式传感器和MYD-8801加速度传感器，测试0120×2000mm覆PTFE膜无纺布滤袋在不同喷吹压力下，加文丘里与不加文丘里时的最大侧壁压力峰值和最大反向加速度，并对比计算了获得同样清灰强度时的脉冲阀一次喷吹耗气量。结果显示，添加文丘里能显著增大滤袋中下部最大侧壁压力峰值和整条滤袋上的最大反向加速度，即提高脉冲喷吹清灰强度；对应同样的喷吹压力，加文丘里时的平均最大侧壁压力峰值和平均最大反向加速度比不加文丘里时分别平均提高大约70％和50％；加文丘里获得同样清灰强度时的脉冲阀一次喷吹耗气量比不加文丘里时节省40％左右。证实对于脉冲喷吹清灰系统，添加文丘里能有效改善清灰效果以及减小能量？肖耗。