Seasonal to sub-seasonal variations of the Asian Tropopause Aerosols Layer affected by the deep convection, surface pollutants and precipitation

The Asian Tropopause Aerosols Layer (ATAL) refers to an accumulation of aerosols in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere during boreal summer over Asia, which has a fundamental impact on the monsoon system and climate change. In this study, we primarily analyze the seasonal to sub-seasonal variations of the ATAL and the factors potentially influencing those variations based on MERRA2 reanalysis. The ability of the reanalysis to reproduce the ATAL is well validated by CALIPSO observations from May to October 2016. The results reveal that the ATAL has a synchronous spatiotemporal pattern with the development and movement of the Asian Summer Monsoon. Significant enhancement of ATAL intensity is found during the prevailing monsoon period of July–August, with two maxima centered over South Asia and the Arabian Peninsula. Owing to the fluctuations of deep convection, the ATAL shows an episodic variation on a timescale of 7–12 days. Attribution analysis indicates that deep convection dominates the variability of the ATAL with a contribution of 62.7%, followed by a contribution of 36.6% from surface pollutants. The impact of precipitation is limited. The ATAL further shows a clear diurnal variation: the peak of ATAL intensity occurs from 17:30 to 23:30 local time (LT), when the deep convection becomes strongest; the minimum ATAL intensity occurs around 8:30 LT owing to the weakened deep convection and photochemical reactions in clouds. The aerosol components of the ATAL show different spatiotemporal patterns and imply that black carbon and organic carbon come mainly from India, whereas sulfate comes mainly from China during the prevailing monsoon period.     

原油加热炉对流炉管表面积灰清理技术的应用

针对鲁宁线和中洛线原油加热炉炉管穿孔现象,对加热炉积灰成分、性质及成因进行了分析,提出有效的高压蒸汽清灰技术。现场应用表明,该技术可提高炉管换热效率、减少炉管的腐蚀,确保加热炉的安全运行。     

Comparative experimental analysis of the effect of convective heat losses on the performance of parabolic dish water heater

This paper reveals comparative experimental analysis of the effect of variation of natural and forced convection heat losses on the performance of prototype parabolic dish water heater with coated and non-coated receivers. With the above-described system, hot water needs in domestic applications can be fulfilled instantly. A parabolic dish collector was used for instant water heating. Design of solar parabolic dish collector consists of truncated cone-shaped helical coiled receiver made up of copper at focal point. Instantaneous efficiency of 63% and 48% has been achieved with coated and non-coated receivers. This prototype has been evaluated for its performance with water flow rate of 0.0076 kg/s during the months of April and May 2010 at Shivaji University, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India (latitude: 16.42° North, longitude: 74.13° West).     

模拟环境传热性能试验室的研制

试验室由室外、室内构成,外室由空气处理机组模拟户外气候环境,内室配置温度、湿度、风速、热流计等传感器,测量由模拟空气调节器发出的热量,以对流和辐射的方式通过被测件传递到室外的能力。适用欧标、美标和国标试验要求。试验室用于测试各种部件和整体构件的环境传热性能,以减少空调能耗,提高节能水平。     

一次中尺度对流系统的发生发展特征分析

通过分析2008年6月23日形成于冷涡成熟阶段的中尺度对流系统(MCS)的发生发展特征,得到:(1)MCS发生发展过程中,高空强垂直风切变维持,低层垂直风切变迅速增大。(2)湿Q矢量的低层辐合、高层辐散,加强了上升运动和次级环流,前者的增大对MCS的发展起了更大的作用。(3)雷达图上弱回波区、回波悬垂结构、三体散射现象、大的垂直累积液态水及低层速度图上的气旋式辐合的出现是冰雹发生前的有利信号。(4)湿斜压性及风垂直切变增大可能会促发MCS发生。地面风场辐合和水汽辐合加强了MCS的发展。对流层中高层干冷空气的侵入,使不稳定能量释放,导致了强对流天气的发生。     

浙闽中生代火山岩母岩浆性质及其分异机制探讨

浙闽地区中生代火山岩以酸性成分占绝对优势(流纹岩和英安岩占90％以上)。众多火山机构内侵出相的碎斑熔岩、先前喷出的火山岩和末期定位的中央侵人体“三相一体”的现象普遍发育,对一特定的火山机构,可以用中央侵入体的成分近似地代表母岩浆的成分。区内下火山岩系的母岩浆相当于石英闪长质,而上火山岩系的母岩浆则相当于流纹英安质(相对较酸性)。不同性质的母岩浆具有不同的分异演化方式,其中低硅质岩浆内的分异主要是通过以长石为主的矿物分离结品来实施的,而高硅质岩浆的分异则以对流分异和元素在液态下的扩散分异为主。     

一种河流中突发污染事故的模拟模型

介绍了一种快速、稳定且灵活的水污染紧急事故模拟模型。所开发的水污染紧急事故应急系统模拟模型 ,可用以追踪模拟水污染事故发生后直到污染状况达到稳定期间的水污染状况。比较其结果 ,证明此模型所得稳定后的浓度场与K ε二方程模型所得结果是一致的     

水体扰动条件下物质在沉积介质中的迁移

为了研究在上覆水体扰动条件下物质在沉积介质中的迁移,本实验建立了简单的沉积物再悬浮发生装置,并分别利用不同粒径大小的沙粒作为均质沉积物,同时利用500μg·cm-3的溶解性罗丹明B作为示踪剂,观察在紊流扰动条件下物质在不同的均匀沉积介质中的迁移情况.结果表明,在粒径不同的各类沉积介质中,由于不同颗粒的孔隙度、渗透率不同,在各沉积介质中形成的孔隙水压力差产生了孔隙水对流现象,从而导致了物质在多孔介质中发生垂向或水平迁移,并且其平均迁移速度受到染色剂的埋深和多孔介质的粒径大小的影响.而在均匀的沉积层中,200 r·min-1的扰动主要影响各沉积介质中物质的垂向迁移,并且当适当增加介质的粒径时,这种垂向对流迁移现象相对增强.     

东莞与帽峰山黑碳气溶胶浓度变化特征的对比

将东莞(海拔30m,位于平原地区)与帽峰山(海拔550m,位于山地地区)的黑碳气溶胶(BC)浓度进行对比,结果表明,东莞地区BC浓度年均值为5.27mg/m3,帽峰山BC浓度值为2.43mg/m3,两个站点的浓度都比位于珠三角核心区的南村站浓度(8.42μg/m3)低.雨季,东莞与帽峰山BC浓度的日变化特征在中午呈现反位相,这是因为两站近地层受上升气流控制,热对流把地面的BC气溶胶带至高空,地面浓度下降,东莞出现谷值,而高空有了地面的垂直输送补充,帽峰山出现峰值.旱季,华南地区受高压控制,微弱下沉气流对于BC的垂直输送不利,BC的扩散以平流扩散为主,两地日变化情况相近.此外,受BC源远近的影响,东莞的逐月变化(标准差为0.60μg/m3)大于帽峰山(标准差为0.14 μg/m3).通过分析BC吸收系数的波长幂指数α探讨可能的污染来源,发现两地的α值均接近于1,说明两地BC的污染来源相同,均来自于化石燃料的燃烧.     

A Numerical Study of the Dynamics of the Riverine Thermal Bar in a Deep Lake

A numerical model based on a Finite Volume formulation of the Navier–Stokes equations is used to simulate a range of scenarios leading to a thermal bar formed by a river inflow to an idealised deep lake. The results presented here show that small riverine salinity increases have a profound effect on the dynamics of the thermal bar, suppressing horizontal propagation of the plume and raising the possibility of a thermal bar which is capable of sinking to great depths. This finding is particularly relevant to Lake Baikal in Siberia, where the vigorous deep-water renewal is still not fully understood. An analysis of the buoyancy forces governing the depth of penetration of the thermal bar plume shows that realistic salinity gradients are an important factor in determining the circulation of Baikal waters. Observations of the saline curtailment of the thermal bar's horizontal propagation also reveal a potential for reduced productivity in the ecosystem of any temperate river delta during the Spring renewal period.