基于MFA的区域循环经济评价指标体系研究

物质流分析方法为资源、废弃物和环境管理提供了方法学上的决策支持工具,也为区域循环经济的评价与研究提供了新的思路。探讨了循环经济评价指标体系的构建原则,依据物质流分析方法,结合现实情况建立区域循环经济指标体系,并对主要指标进行分析,以期更好地推动城市循环经济的发展。     

浅析原油储运设施用火的安全控制点

从管道储运设施现场用火过程中的可燃气体浓度、着火源、危险物等要素进行分析,采取有针对性的用火安全措施,从而有效提高石油管道储运设施现场用火的安全性。     

褶皱臂尾轮虫摄食生态的实验研究

研究了褶皱臂尾轮虫(Brachionus plicatilis)在不同温度、盐度、饵料种类、pH值和光照条件下滤水率(F)和摄食率(G)的变化情况。结果表明:(1)温度对褶皱臂尾轮虫的摄食有显著影响(P0.05)。褶皱臂尾轮虫摄食的适宜温度范围为25~30℃,最适摄食温度为25℃;(2)盐度对褶皱臂尾轮虫的摄食也有显著影响(P0.05)。褶皱臂尾轮虫适宜的摄食盐度范围为20~30,最适摄食盐度为30;(3)褶皱臂尾轮虫对5种不同藻类食物滤水率F的顺序为:牟氏角毛藻(Chaetocerosmuelleri Lermumerman)小新月菱形藻(Nitzschia clostertum)金藻8701(Isochrysis galbanaPark 8701)小球藻(Chlorellasp.)扁藻(Tetraselmis chuii);摄食率G的顺序为:小球藻金藻8701牟氏角毛藻小新月菱形藻扁藻;(4)褶皱臂尾轮虫适宜的摄食pH值范围为8.0~9.0,最适摄食pH值为9.0;(5)在条件允许的情况下,适宜的光照有利于褶皱臂尾轮虫的摄食。     

长庆姬塬油田水管线内表面防腐技术

管线内防腐结构是否合理是影响管线使用寿命的关键因素之一,随着油气管线和注水管线的大量使用,管道内壁腐蚀问题日显突出。长庆油田针对管线内腐蚀问题进行了大量的科研攻关和技术研究,并引进了许多内防腐新技术和新工艺。以长庆油田水管线内壁腐蚀为例,主要介绍了在长庆姬塬油田使用的几种水管线内表面防腐技术,并对结构和性能进行了总结。     

Adsorption behavior of phosphate on Lanthanum(Ⅲ) doped mesoporous silicates material

A series of lanthanum doped meosoporous MCM-41 (La_xM41, x is Si/La molar ratio) was prepared by sol-gel method. The surface structure of the materials was investigated with X-ray diffraction and N_2 adsorption/desorption technique. The content of La in the materials was determined by ICP. It was found that the La content of La_(25)M41, La_(50)M41 and La_(100)M41 was 7.53%, 3.89% and 2.32%, respectively. The phosphate adsorption capacities increased with increasing amount of La incorporation. With 0.40 g La_(25)M41 99.7% phosphate could be removed. The effects of Si/La molar ratio, La_xM41 dose, pH, initial concentration of phosphate solution, co-ions on phosphate adsorption were also evaluated. The phosphate adsorption kinetics of La_xM41 could be well-described by the pseudo second-order model, and Langmuir isotherm fit equilibrium data much better than the Freundlich isotherm.     

朝阳凤凰山古土壤序列粒度特征与成因分析

朝阳地区古土壤广泛分布,正确的认识该区古土壤的成因有助于我们进一步探讨该区的古气候变化。本文对辽宁省朝阳市凤凰山古土壤剖面进行系统地粒度分析,并结合剖面形态特征,对该剖面各层次进行成因探讨。研究结果表明:凤凰山剖面上部含有砾石,粗粒组分含量较高,且垂向变化均较大,分选性较差,但同时颗粒组成仍以风成沉积的两个主要粒级为主,为经流水作用改造的次生黄土。剖面下部粒度细小而均匀,砂粒含量低,风尘"基本粒组"相对富集,平均含量在60%~70%之间,各粒度指标均与典型的风成古土壤序列的相近,表现出明显的风成沉积特征。在上、下两部分之间,存在较薄的一个过渡层次。颜色上与剖面下部土层相近,但粒度特征与剖面上部土层相近。     

含硫油品储罐危险性研究

考察不同铁氧化物经过不同时间硫化后生成的FeS的氧化性.氧化性越高,给储罐带来的危险性越大.实验结果表明,氧化倾向及危险性与硫化时间有关,并与FeS的生成方式有关.同一铁氧化物分别经0.5 h和6 h硫化后,后者硫化产物的氧化性要大.这是因为经长时间硫化,H2S气体不仅与表面颗粒分子发生完全反应,而且大量的H2S分子扩散到颗粒的内部,与铁氧化物内部分子充分接触发生反应,即硫化程度较完全,生成较多的FeS.同时说明,硫化时间越长,对储罐构成的威胁越大.经6 h硫化后产物的氧化倾向从高到低依次为Fe2O3、Fe3O4和Fe(OH)3生成的硫化产物.     

燃煤锅炉的烟尘排放情况的物料衡算法研究

燃煤锅炉产生的烟尘量与燃料的成分、锅炉的燃烧方式及除尘率有直接的关系,锅炉的燃烧方式分为层式燃烧和悬浮式燃烧,不同燃烧方式的产尘量有很大区别,通过物料衡算方法,尝试对使用不同燃烧方式的工业锅炉和电厂锅炉排放的烟尘量进行定量分析和计算,该法得到的数据较准确,一般接近监测得到的平均数据.     

磁性介孔硅胶萃取剂的制备及萃取性能研究

合成了C18基团修饰的磁性介孔硅胶材料,并利用该材料建立了磁性固相萃取-色谱分析方法,测定了几种环境水样中酞酸酯类(PAEs)污染物的含量.结果表明,该材料具有较大的比表面积(273 m.2g-1)和饱和磁通量(29 emu.g-1),对水样中痕量的PAEs有较强的萃取能力,而且萃取剂的磁分离特性使得萃取操作更为方便、快捷.在优化条件下,30 mg萃取剂在40 min内即可从500 mL水样中萃取痕量PAEs,回收率可达80%以上.此外,该萃取剂在处理复杂环境样品时仍能保持较强的萃取能力,环境水样中4种PAEs的检测限可达15.6—32.5 ng.L-1,加标回收率为62%—109%,相对标准偏差为2%—8%.     

Simulating the fate of Florida Snowy Plovers with sea-level rise: Exploring research and management priorities with a global uncertainty and sensitivity analysis perspective

Changes in coastal habitats due to sea-level rise provide an uncertain, yet significant threat to shoreline dependent birds. Rising sea levels can cause habitat fragmentation and loss which can result in considerable reduction in their foraging and nesting areas. Computational models and their algorithmic assumptions play an integral role in exploring potential mitigation responses to uncertain and potentially adverse ecological outcomes. The presence of uncertainty in metapopulation models is widely acknowledged but seldom considered in their development and evaluation, specifically the effects of uncertain model inputs on the model outputs. This paper was aimed to (1) quantify the contribution of each uncertain input factor to the uncertainty in the output of a metapopulation model which evaluated the effects of long-term sea-level rise on the population of Snowy Plovers (Charadrius alexandrinus) found in the Gulf Coast of Florida, and (2) determine the ranges of model inputs that produced a specific output for the purpose of formulating environmental management decisions. This was carried out by employing global sensitivity and uncertainty analysis (GSA) using two generic (model independent) methods, the qualitative screening Morris method and a quantitative variance-based Sobol’ method coupled with Monte Carlo filtering. The analyses were applied to three density dependence scenarios: assuming a ceiling-type density dependence, assuming a contest-type density dependence, and assuming that density dependence is uncertain as to being ceiling- or contest-dependent. The sources of uncertainty in the outputs depended strongly on the type of density dependence considered in the model. In general, uncertainty in the outputs highly depended on the uncertainty in stage matrix elements (fecundity, adult survival, and juvenile survival), dispersal rate from central areas with low current populations (the “Big Bend” area of Florida) to the northern, panhandle populations, the maximum growth rate, and density dependence type. Our results showed that increasing the maximum growth rate to a value of 1.2 or larger will increase the final average population of Snowy Plovers assuming a contest-type density dependence. Results suggest that studies that further quantify which density dependence relationship best describes Snowy Plover population dynamics should be conducted since this is the main driver of uncertainty in model outcomes. Furthermore, investigating the presence of Snowy Plovers in the Big Bend region may be important for providing connection between the panhandle and peninsula populations.