磷钼蓝分光光度法测定水中磷的改进

用硫酸亚铁铵和葡萄糖作为混合还原剂,建立了用分光光度法测定磷的方法,确定了最佳测定条件。在浓度为0.6mol/L的H2SO4介质中,硫酸亚铁铵-葡萄糖将磷钼杂多酸还原成杂多蓝,其最大吸收波长为820nm,表观摩尔吸光系数为1.38×104L/(mol·cm),PO3-4质量浓度在0～2.8mg/L范围内符合比耳定律,线性回归方程A=0.1453ρ 0.02744,相关系数(r)=0.9933。用硫酸亚铁铵-葡萄糖混合还原剂还原速度快,灵敏度高,产物稳定性好,线性范围宽。将该方法用于环境水样中磷的测定,结果令人满意。     

以苯胺和葡萄糖为燃料的微生物燃料电池的产电特性研究

通过构建空气阴极型双室微生物燃料电池(Microbial FueI Cell,MFC),并以苯胺和葡萄糖为燃料,研究了MFC对苯胺的降解特性及MFC 的产电性能.结果表明,在1000Ω电阻下,500mg·L-1葡萄糖为单一燃料时,MFC的最大输出电压为440mV,最大输出功率密度为215mw·m-2.当苯胺的初始浓度为...     

羟基致死船舶压载水微生物的生化影响研究

试验表明羟基比值浓度达到0．63mg／L左右时，足以杀死压载水微生物。在此浓度下也会引起微生物的糖、脂质、蛋白质、核酸、酶等发生强烈的化学反应。脂质过氧化物含量上升为原来的3倍；总蛋白质减少了33．4％；核酸中RNA、DNA分别减少了46．9％、77．0％；葡萄糖却增加了1倍，羟基破坏了多糖，使之降解为单糖；过氧化物酶含量减少了21．9％；超氧化物歧化酶减少了54．2％；分离微生物后海水中过氧化氢酶、超氧化物歧化酶分别减少了83．1％、33．2％，上述生化试验资料清楚表明了羟基对微生物三大基本分子(核酸、蛋白质、葡萄糖)、抗氧化酶系(过氧化酶、过氧化氢酶、超氧化物歧化酶)以及脂质均有强烈的破坏作用，这也是致死压载水微生物的主要原因。     

同位素示踪法检测废水中TCC／TCS生物毒性的研究

用同位素示踪法测定微生物的葡萄糖摄入量,可能检测废水中有毒物质的生物毒性。实验结果显示：ＴＣＣ／ＴＣＳ对废水处理系统中厌氧菌的葡萄糖摄入有抑制作用,其抑制率与接触剂量的对数呈线性关系,但与接触时间却没有明显的线性关系。由此可见,ＴＣＣ／ＴＣＳ对微生物葡萄糖摄入的影响是复杂的。当生物处理系统中的微生物未接触ＴＣＣ／ＴＣＳ时,１０％有作用浓度（ＥＣ１０）和５０％有作用浓度（ＥＣ５０）分别为１．７１ｍｇ     

Clostridium papyrosolvens厌氧发酵产氢研究

采用分批培养研究了从高浓度厌氧产氢活性污泥中筛选的优势菌种Clostridium papyrosolvens的发酵产氢能力.结果表明:该菌有较强的高糖耐受性和耐酸性,当葡萄糖浓度为30 g/L、pH阶段性控制在4.5时,发酵44 h葡萄糖消耗率为83.7%,总产气量达到3 081.3 mL/L,最高产气率为187.5 mL L-1 h-1,氢气含量为67.5%,比产氢率达1.06 mol(H2)/mol(葡萄糖).研究中选用了廉价的发酵产氢培养基,以玉米浆为氮源,以还原铁粉作氧化还原电位控制剂,省去了牛肉膏、蛋白胨等昂贵氮源以及L-半胱氨酸、维生素、无机离子等高成本组分,显著降低了纯菌发酵的培养基成本,获得了较好的产氢效果.图5表2参23     

2,4-二硝基酚厌氧生物降解动力学研究

研究了间歇试验条件下,2,4-二硝基酚(2,4-DNP)与葡萄糖共基质时的厌氧降解动力学.结果表明:2,4-DNP与葡萄糖能同时被微生物降解;葡萄糖浓度高低对2,4-DNP的降解影响不大,而2,4-DNP的存在明显影响COD的降解.当2,4-DNP浓度<225 mg/L时,其比降解速率随浓度增大而增大,浓度为225 mg/L时比降解速率达到最大;由于底物抑制,当2,4-DNP浓度>225 mg/L时,其比降解速率呈下降趋势.选用Andrews非竞争性抑制模型描述2,4-DNP厌氧降解动力学,对实验数据进行非线性拟合,求得模型参数q_max、K_s和K_i分别为3.24 mg/(h·g)、196.23 mg/L和165.91mg/L,实验数据与该动力学方程拟合较好.     

葡萄糖和L-丙氨酸对藻菌共生系统处理养殖废水的影响研究

利用莱茵衣藻(Chlamydomonasreinhardtii CC-125)与凝结芽孢杆菌(Bacilluscoagulans BS32)构建藻菌共生系统,通过Biolog EcoPlateTM微孔板筛选系统可利用碳源,进而研究葡萄糖和L-丙氨酸对藻菌共生系统中微藻和细菌生长的影响,并考察其对养殖废水的净化能力.结果...     

厨余发酵液与乙酸钠、葡萄糖脱氮性能的比较

通过与乙酸钠、葡萄糖对比,利用批式实验方法对厨余发酵液作为反硝化碳源的脱氮性能进行了研究.在不同COD/N条件下,对3种碳源的反硝化NOx--N去除率进行了比较,研究发现,当COD/N =6.5时,厨余发酵液可以满足反硝化对电子供体的要求,其反硝化潜能PD=0.146 g NOx--N /g COD.然后,在COD/N =5.0条件下,利用动力学方程对反硝化过程进行分段模拟,发现厨余发酵液组在Ss降解阶段的比反硝化速率为7.44 mg NOx--N/(g VSS·h),其整个反硝化阶段的比反硝化速率是乙酸钠组的0.77倍,是葡萄糖组的2.1倍,结果表明,厨余发酵液可以作为快速降解碳源用于反硝化脱氮.     

Effect of a subchronic exposure to Simazine on energetic metabolism of common carp (Cyprinus carpio)

The energetic parameters, such as glycogen, glucose, proteins, lactate and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content and lactate deshydrogenase (LDH) activity in tissues and blood of carps from simazine (2-chloro-4,6-bis(ethylamino)-s-triazine) contaminated waters were investigated. In order to confirm the field results, a laboratory experiment was designed in which carps were exposed to simazine at the concentration level of 45 μ g. L^{? 1} (10-fold of the amount found in natural waters) for 90 days. Fish from a contaminated reservoir showed low glycogen concentrations in hepatopancreas and muscle, while fish in another contaminated reservoir showed high LDH activity together with an increase in lactate content in muscle. Laboratory findings did not confirm field results, and fish exposed to simazine did not show alterations in the parameters studied. The results suggest that carps were not stressed by the presence of the simazine at the concentration levels found in both studies and the mechanisms of defense covered the energetic demand.     

Viable chemical recycling of poly(carbonate) as a phosgene equivalent illustrated by the coproduction of bisphenol A and carbohydrate carbonates

Chemical recycling of waste poly(carbonate) (PC) to coproduce bisphenol A (BPA) and carbohydrate carbonates was studied by selecting glycerol (Gly) and glucose (Glu) as model carbohydrates (CHs). In advance of the reaction of PC with CHs, reactions with diphenyl carbonate were examined as a model PC. In dioxane at 100°C using NaOH as catalyst, Gly was converted to cyclic carbonate hydroxymethyldioxolane (HMDO) at 98% and Glu was converted to the dicarbonate (Glu-DC) at 46%, in pyridine, in addition to the production of phenol. Similar treatment of PC with Gly using KOH as a catalyst produced HMDO and BPA at very high yields and treatment with Glu produced Glu-DC and BPA in 38%–42% yields. Chemical Feedstock Recycling & Other Innovative Recycling Techniques 6