Oral administration of potassium bromate, a major water disinfection by-product, induces oxidative stress and impairs the antioxidant power of rat blood

Potassium bromate (KBrO₃) is a widely used food additive, a water disinfection by-product and a known nephrotoxic agent. The effect of KBrO₃ on rat blood, especially on the anti-oxidant defense system, was studied in this work. Animals were given a single oral dose of KBrO₃ (100 mg/kg body weight) and sacrificed 12, 24, 48, 96 and 168 h after this treatment. Blood was collected from the animals and separated into plasma and erythrocytes. KBrO₃ administration resulted in increased lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, hydrogen peroxide levels and decreased the reduced glutathione content indicating the induction of oxidative stress in blood. Methemoglobin levels and methemoglobin reductase activity were significantly increased while the total anti-oxidant power was greatly reduced upon KBrO₃ treatment. Nitric oxide levels were enhanced while vitamin C concentration decreased in KBrO₃ treated animals. The activities of major anti-oxidant enzymes were also altered upon KBrO₃ treatment. The maximum changes in all these parameters were 48 h after the administration of KBrO₃ and then recovery took place. These results show for the first time that KBrO₃ induces oxidative stress in blood and impairs the anti-oxidant defense system. Thus impairment in the anti-oxidant power and alterations in the activities of major anti-oxidant enzymes may play an important role in mediating the toxic effects of KBrO₃ in the rat blood. The study of such biochemical events in blood will help elucidate the molecular mechanism of action of KBrO₃ and also for devising methods to overcome its toxic effects.     

Maternal exposure to specific perfluoroalkyl substances is associated with increasing blood glucose in pregnant women

正Imagine if a group of toxic substances that increase oxidative stress and disrupt glucose and lipid metabolism have been broadly used worldwide for applications such as repellent,food packaging,and non-stick frying pan coatings.Now imagine if some of these substances have half-lives as long as 3-8 years.This is an environmental reality that has come to light with perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs)–high     

运动及不同浓度PM2.5滴注对大鼠糖代谢部分酶活性的影响

为了探讨一次性递增负荷运动及不同浓度细颗粒物(PM2.5)暴露对大鼠己糖激酶(hexokinase,HK)-丙酮酸激酶(pyruvatekinase,PK)及异柠檬酸脱氢酶(isocitratedehydrogenase,IDH)活性影响的机制,将30只雄性Wistar SPF(Specific Pathogen Free,SPF)大鼠随机分为安静(QC)、运动对照组(EC)、低剂量PM2.5+运动组(LPE)、中剂量PM2.5+运动组(MPE)、高剂量PM2.5+运动组(HPE),采用一次性气管滴注染毒后进行递增负荷跑台训练,并通过酶联免疫法(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)测定大鼠血清及肝脏组织HK,PK,IDH活性。结果表明,与安静组相比,运动对照组HK,PK酶活性下降,IDH活性升高,差异有统计学意义(p0.01)。和EC组相比,LPE,MPE,HPE组各组织中HK,PK,IDH活性均下降,差异有统计学意义(p0.05或p0.01)。实验表明,运动可以降低大鼠的HK,PK活性而增强IDH活性;随着浓度的增加,HK,PK,IDH活性与PM2.5暴露剂量具有相关性降低。     

Protective effects of honey against cadmium-induced alteration of some biochemical parameters in rats

The objective of this study is to elucidate on the effect of honey on plasma and organ biochemical parameters of albino rats exposed to acute and sub-chronic dose of cadmium chloride. Uric acid levels, activities of plasma lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities, organ (liver, lungs, and kidney) AST, ALT, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) were determined. Plasma uric acid and glucose levels, plasma LDH, AST, and ALT activities were significantly decreased; activities of organ SOD, CAT, AST, and ALT activities were increased in rats administered sub-chronically and acutely with cadmium (Cd). Treatment with honey restored their levels to normal.     

Enzymatic and cellular level effects of chromium∗

Exposure of Cr to four hepatic enzymes activities of tilapia, viz. acid‐ and alkaline phosphatases, catalase and glucose‐6‐phosphatase, was contrary to the results obtained for Cd and Ni. This is the only heavy metal investigated thus far that dramatically augmented glucose‐6‐phosphatase by approximately 83% at a concentration of 12 mg L^‐1 in vivo in lieu of the fact of an initial inhibition of approximately 45 % at a lower concentration of Cr; 6 mg L^‐1. In the case of acid phosphatase and catalase activities progressive increment was observed up to 50 and 217% respectively at a concentration of 12 mg L^‐1 Cr. On the other hand, in contrast to all the investigated enzymes interestingly alkaline phosphatase was inhibited continuously at all concentrations up to 46% at 12 mgL^‐1 Cr. In vitro experiments were contrary to the above mentioned results, whereby all hepatic enzymes were inhibited with major inhibition observed for acid phosphatase of approximately 60% from 5 mgL^‐1 Cr onwards in the system.

At cellular level, Cr exposure at a lethal dose of 12 mgL^‐1 demonstrated similar effects to that of Cd. In general, the glycogen and fat reserves were depleted while lysosomal activity is increased. As compared to the effects of Cd, the mitochondria did not indicate any prominent reflection in the formation of intramitochondrial bodies. Further, similar to Cd, the cell membrane as well as nucleus were not affected.     

Effects of alcohol–kola nut interactions on brain glucose oxidase,glutamine synthase,and adenylate deaminase activities in Wistar rats

The effects of alcohol–kola nut interactions on activites of whole brain glucose oxidase, glutamine synthetase, and adenylate deaminase were examined in Wistar rats. Thirty Wistar albino rats were divided into six groups. Control group (1) received a placebo (4 mL of distilled water). Groups 2–6 were treated for a 21-day period with either 10% (v/v) alcohol, kola nut, caffeine, alcohol + kola nut, or alcohol + caffeine at 50 mg per kg in a total volume of 4 mL vehicle via gastric intubation, respectively. One day after the final treatment, the whole brain was harvested and processed to examine for several biochemical parameters, including activities of glucose oxidase, adenylate deaminase, and glutamine synthetase. Results showed that alcohol–kola nut interaction decreased the activities of glucose oxidase, adenylate deaminase, and glutamine synthetase in whole brain, suggesting inhibition of glutamine synthesis, decreased energy (ATP) production, ionic transport and decreased neuronal processes. Data indicates that alcohol–kola nut or alcohol–caffeine interactions modify neuronal processes in rat brain; however, the clinical importance of this is not known.     

外源物质添加对东北黑土氨基酸矿化的影响

采用间歇淋洗好气培养法研究了东北黑土中氨基酸的矿化过程以及添加葡萄糖和葡萄糖与氮肥配施对其质量分数的影响。结果表明：土壤中氨基酸质量分数的变化受到外源物质添加的影响。与对照处理相比,葡萄糖以及葡萄糖与氮肥配施均能促进土壤氨基酸质量分数的积累,并且2种外源物质对氨基酸质量分数的影响相差不多。土壤不同种类的氨基酸具有不同的矿化特征,其中异亮氨酸的矿化速率最快,其次是赖氨酸、缬氨酸、组氨酸和亮氨酸,而精氨酸、甘氨酸和酪氨酸矿化速率较低。此外,土壤中每种氨基酸矿化对总氨基酸矿化的贡献与其在土壤中的质量分数有关,一般来说,氨基酸质量分数高则其矿化的贡献也大。     

PM10短期暴露对人群空腹血糖和血脂的影响

为探析PM₁₀短期暴露对不同糖代谢水平人群空腹血糖和血脂的影响,以“金昌队列”为研究平台,收集金昌市2011~2017年污染物数据及气象数据.采用近邻模型完成个体PM₁₀暴露评估.运用广义估计方程分析PM₁₀对血糖和血脂指标的影响.采用广义相加混合模型绘制暴露-反应关系曲线.结果表明,PM₁₀浓度每增加一个四分位数间距,空腹血糖(FPG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)分别升高0.58mg/dL (95% CI:0.35,0.82)、0.38mg/dL (95% CI:0.25,0.52)、0.44mg/dL (95% CI:0.31,0.57)和0.34mg/dL (95% CI:0.29,0.40),甘油三酯(TG)降低0.67mg/dl (95% CI:-0.86,-0.47).随着PM₁₀浓度升高,FPG、TC、LDL-C和HDL-C均呈上升趋势,TG呈下降趋势.PM₁₀对男性、年龄≥60岁者血糖和血脂指标影响更显著.因此,PM₁₀与不同糖代谢状态人群血糖和血脂水平异常密切相关,男性和老年人应加强自身防护.