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991.
异养脱氮菌株Bacillus sp. LY降解有毒有机污染物的研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
Zhao J  Lü J  He YL  Jin Q  Zhang WY  He X 《环境科学》2007,28(12):2838-2842
研究了异养脱氮菌株Bacillus sp. LY降解去除有毒有机污染物的性能.结果表明,菌株在同时实现有毒有机污染物去除与生物脱氮方面具有潜在优势.以典型有毒有机污染物苯酚、邻苯二酚、环境雌激素NP及其前驱物NPEOs为唯一碳源时,该菌株对4种物质的降解去除率分别达87%、77%、96%和80%,一级降解速率常数分别为0.191、0.112、0.435、0.147 d-1.在分别以NP及NPEOs为唯一碳源的条件下,菌株对体系中的总氮亦有一定的去除,表现出异养脱氮能力.这些研究结果可为开发新型高效生物脱氮联合去除有毒有机污染物工艺打下理论基础.  相似文献   
992.
1株异养硝化菌胞外聚合物的研究   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1  
研究异养硝化菌(Acinetobacter sp.YY-5)在不同生长时期胞外聚合物(EPS)组成成分及其变化规律.利用热处理提取YY-5菌的EPS,分析该菌株在不同生长时期EPS组分,包括蛋白质、总糖、核酸和游离氨基酸等.并进一步把蛋白质水解成氨基酸,分析其氨基酸的变化规律及其对蛋白质理化性质的影响.结果表明,该菌株具有较高含量的EPS,且其在稳定期时EPS含量最高.在不同时期分泌的EPS组分均以蛋白质为主.EPS中各组分含量及其变化规律与该菌生长状态密切相关,在该菌株生长过程中,EPS中各组分的变化情况:蛋白质从14.599 mg.g-1增加到28.489 mg.g-1后减少为15.139 mg.g-1;总糖从6.757 mg.g-1增加到10.199 mg.g-1后减少为7.857 mg.g-1.核酸从1.56 mg.g-1一直增加到6.287 mg.g-1;游离氨基酸从3.713 mg.g-1增加到4.374 mg.g-1后减少为1.299 mg.g-1.蛋白质水解后,其中极性氨基酸呈先增加后减少的趋势,非极性氨基酸一直呈增加趋势;在生长过程中一直以带负电的氨基酸占优.  相似文献   
993.
Much work has been done on gaseous emissions and leaching of nitrogenous compounds from whole soil profiles and also from soil surface measurements which are assumed to be mainly due to topsoil activity. In soils with an impervious clay subsoil, the boundary between the topsoil and subsoil may provide an interface for microbial activity, including N transformations. In this study, we investigated movement and transformations of two reactive N species (nitrate and urea) at the subsoil interface using a series of replicate, intact soil blocks, under two contrasting watering regimes. We measured fluxes in both liquid and gaseous phases and demonstrated that nitrate reaching the subsoil interface does not necessarily leach into water systems, but may denitrify immediately and could, therefore, add to atmospheric pollution through N2O production. On the other hand, ammonium reaching the subsoil interface either directly, or after mineralization, appears to be more mobile than expected and has the potential to pollute watercourses.  相似文献   
994.
Semi-natural calcareous and acidic grasslands are known to be sensitive to increased atmospheric N deposition. However, the fate of pollutant N within these systems is unknown. This paper reports on the first studies to determine the fate of added N within a calcareous and an acidic grassland subject to long-term simulated enhanced N deposition. Intact soil/turf cores were removed from field plots treated for six years with enhanced N deposition (ambient +0, +35 and +140 kg N ha–1 year–1). Cores were inserted into lysimeters and output fluxes of N were monitored in detail. Complete N budgets—calculated from the N flux data—showed considerable accumulation of N within the treated grasslands, up to 76% and 38% of pollutant N in the calcareous and acidic grasslands respectively. In the second study, the short-term (21 day) fate of pollutant N was determined by tracing 15N labelled ammonium nitrate (+35 kg N ha–1 year–1) though the acidic and calcareous lysimeters into plant, soil and leachate pools. Up to 91% and 59% of 15N was recovered in soils and vegetation of the calcareous and acidic grasslands respectively, with negligible amounts recovered in soil extractable ammonium and nitrate (<0.3%) and in leachate (<0.02%). This rapid short-term immobilisation of pollutant N supports the long-term accumulation of the element calculated from the N flux study.  相似文献   
995.
SCR反应器短直进口段混氨技术研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
摘要:OI^2-SCR技术根据流场适应型设计理论设计了喷氨装置;以“主动利用不均”代替传统的“单—尺度的平均化”理念进行喷氨操作,在SCR反应器短直进口段内实现了良好的NH3/NOx混合效果,进而解决了改造工程中常见的空间制约问题。同时,充分发挥了有限体积的催化剂的效能,在较低氨逃逸率的前提下,实现了较高的脱硝效率。  相似文献   
996.
嵩屿电厂烟气SCR脱硝工艺及特点分析   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
介绍了厦门嵩屿电厂4×300MW燃煤机组烟气选择性催化还原法(SCR)脱硝工程所选用的工艺,分析了SCR脱硝系统的主要技术特点,为日益增多的同类型脱硝装置的工艺设计与设备选型提供一定的借鉴。  相似文献   
997.
包埋固定化微生物强化SBR工艺脱氮性能研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
将采用PVA-H2BO4法制得的包埋固定化微生物凝胶小球引入SBR工艺中,通过平行试验比较了普通SBR反应器(N1)与投加包埋固定化微生物凝胶小球的SBR反应器(N2)的脱氮性能,分析了包埋固定化微生物强化SBR工艺脱氮性能的特性。研究结果表明:在相同的运行条件下,N2反应器的NH4+-N及TIN的去除率较N1反应器分别提高了4.4%~32.8%、34.1%~50.9%,且表现出明显的抗冲击负荷能力;同时通过典型周期内不同反应器各形态氮随时间的变化研究发现,该反应器发生了很好的同步硝化反硝化作用,说明包埋固定化微生物对SBR反应器的脱氮性能有很好的强化作用。N2为提高SBR反应器得脱氮性能提供了新思路。  相似文献   
998.
利用固相反硝化同时去除水中硝酸盐和4-氯酚   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4  
王旭明  王建龙 《环境科学》2009,30(5):1420-1424
研究了固相反硝化技术同时去除水中硝酸盐和4-氯酚的可行性.结果表明,以可降解餐盒为碳源和微生物附着载体进行异养反硝化,能有效去除水中的硝酸盐.在批式实验条件下,当NO-3-N初始浓度为50 mg/L时,平均反硝化速率为24.0 mg/(L·h).当4-氯酚浓度低于30 mg/L时,对反硝化脱氮有促进作用;大于40 mg/L时,对反硝化有抑制作用.在反硝化条件下,当4-氯酚的初始浓度分别为5 mg/L和30 mg/L时,8 h后其去除率分别为90%和71%,4-氯酚的去除是由于可降解餐盒的吸附作用及附着微生物的降解作用.  相似文献   
999.
A hydrogen-based membrane biofilm reactor(MBfR) using H2 as electron donor was investigated to remove nitrate from groundwater.When nitrate was first introduced to the MBfR,denitrification took place on the shell side of the membranes immediately,and the effluent concentration of nitrate continuously decreased with 100% removal rate on day 45 under the influent nitrate concentration of 5 mg NO3--N/L,which described the acclimating and enriching process of autohydrogenotrophic denitrification bacteria.A series of short-term experiments were applied to investigate the effects of hydrogen pressures and nitrate loadings on denitrification.The results showed that nitrate reduction rate improved as H2 pressure increasing,and over 97% of total nitrogen removal rate was achieved when the nitrate loading increased from 0.17 to 0.34 g NO3--N/(m2 ·day) without nitrite accumulation.The maximum denitrification rate was 384 g N/(m3 ·day).Partial sulfate reduction,which occurred in parallel to nitrate reduction,was inhibited by denitrififcation due to the competition for H2 .This research showed that MBfR is effective for removing nitrate from the contaminated groundwater.  相似文献   
1000.
The denitrification and P-removal in the sorption-denitrification-P-removal (S-DN-P) process were carried out under various wastewater compositions. It is noted that P-removal largely depends on the wastewater composition as well to the quantity of the substrates present in wastewater fraction. Three different wastewater fractions are obtained as: raw wastewater, dissolved wastewater (obtained with filtration using 0.45 μm filter), and undissolved wastewater (i.e., infiltrate obtained by above filtration). ...  相似文献   
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