贫困退出背景下返贫脆弱性评价——融合区域与个体的新视角

精准识别返贫脆弱性,预防和化解返贫风险是“后扶贫时代”的工作重点。基于区域与个体尺度融合的新视角,运用BP神经网络法、熵值法和偏相关分析法对六盘山、秦巴山和大别山三大集中连片特困区进行返贫脆弱性评价与影响因素分析。研究发现：（1）三大集中连片特困区返贫脆弱度大致呈现由西向东递减的空间格局;（2）三个典型县区域和个体返贫脆弱性评价结果均显示古浪县>新县>栾川县;（3）高返贫风险县域中,高生态暴露度特征最为显著,而高返贫风险家庭中,生计动力不足特征最为明显;（4）区域返贫脆弱性主导因子为自然环境禀赋和经济发展水平,个体返贫脆弱性主导因子则为家庭劳动力综合素质、家庭收入、生计来源多样性、家庭成员健康状况和婚姻成本等。     

The Subjective Rating Scales for Measurement of Mental Workload—Thurstonian Scaling

Subjective rating scales for measuring work demands and individual capabilities to cope with work requirements were developed using the Thurstonian procedure. The scales measure six dimensions of mental workload: mental difficulties, feeling of responsibility, awareness of risk, interpersonal conflicts, monotony, and time pressure. Individual scale results make it possible to assess the level of mental workload understood as a relation between the subjective rating of work demands and individual capabilities in each of the six dimensions. Two versions of scales were prepared: classic and modified ones. To assess the level of reliability of the particular scales, 481 participants were examined twice at a 1-month interval. A procedure to prepare scales for the measurement of other dimensions of mental workload is also presented.     

跟踪拍照识别白鱀豚的研究

作者从１９８６年起开展了照相识别白豚的研究。通过反复试验，采用多船弧形跟踪、单船切入拍照的方法，在观察到白豚的４８天中，共拍得１６００张照片并从中识别出１０头白暨豚。除了白暨豚背鳍上的自然标记能有效地用于个体识别之外，豚体上的色斑、图象等亦能用于个体识别。作者由此获得了白豚群体组成变化和迁移距离等科学资料，对深入研究白暨豚生态学有重要意义。     

风险评价标准值初探

提出了风险指标和ALARP原则的含义,从风险评价的ALARP原则出发,得出个人风险评价标准值和社会风险评价标准值的制定方法。     

天然气管道失效个人生命风险评价技术研究

为研究天然气长输管道失效个人生命风险,提出一种以人员伤亡概率为指标的天然气管道失效后果风险评价方法。基于天然气管道的失效概率和失效致死长度参数,建立天然气长输管道生命风险评价模型。用该模型,对国内某城市住宅小区内带腐蚀缺陷的天然气管线进行定量风险分析。借鉴英国天然气输送公司数据,确定天然气管线个人生命风险值。案例证明,用所建立的天然气管道失效个人生命风险评价模型能够有效地分析带缺陷天然气管道失效后果,实现天然气管道的个人安全生命风险全定量评价。     

Incorporating evolutionary processes into population viability models

We examined how ecological and evolutionary (eco‐evo) processes in population dynamics could be better integrated into population viability analysis (PVA). Complementary advances in computation and population genomics can be combined into an eco‐evo PVA to offer powerful new approaches to understand the influence of evolutionary processes on population persistence. We developed the mechanistic basis of an eco‐evo PVA using individual‐based models with individual‐level genotype tracking and dynamic genotype–phenotype mapping to model emergent population‐level effects, such as local adaptation and genetic rescue. We then outline how genomics can allow or improve parameter estimation for PVA models by providing genotypic information at large numbers of loci for neutral and functional genome regions. As climate change and other threatening processes increase in rate and scale, eco‐evo PVAs will become essential research tools to evaluate the effects of adaptive potential, evolutionary rescue, and locally adapted traits on persistence.     

石油化工企业定量风险评价程序探讨

介绍了定量风险评价的风险可接受准则和石油化工企业定量风险评价的一般程序。基本程序主要包括准备、资料数据收集、危险辨识、失效频率分析、失效后果分析、风险计算、风险评价及建议和风险评价报告和结论。此外,提出了评价过程中应注意的事项。     

Personality and social networks in organizations: A review and future directions

Recent research linking individuals' personality characteristics to their social networks has brought a new understanding of how individual patterns of behavior affect networks in organizations. This review summarizes the major advancements in the three areas of social network research relevant to organizational behavior: (a) brokerage and structural holes; (b) network centrality and network size; and (c) strength of ties. This review also provides an agenda outlining three key opportunities for future research. These opportunities involve personality and social network change, bidirectional and dyadic processes, and the potential effect of network position on personality expression. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

哈尔滨春季大气PM_(2.5)物理化学特征及来源解析

应用场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)和带能谱的扫描电镜(SEM-EDX)对哈尔滨市春季市区大气PM2.5的物理和化学特征进行研究。微观图像表明PM2.5颗粒类型主要为矿物、烟尘集合体、飞灰和超细颗粒物;从各种颗粒的数量-粒度、体积-粒度分布及矿物元素分析表明,哈尔滨市大气PM2.5颗粒中,矿物、烟尘集合体、飞灰是颗粒的主要成分,分别来源于扬尘、燃煤燃烧和机动车尾气排放。     

发射场液体推进剂个体防护体系的研究与设计

为了确保发射场液体推进剂作业人员的身体健康和生命安全,本文以安全系统工程理论为依据,结合液体推进剂作业要求以及防护装具现状,研究并建立了发射场推进剂作业个体三级防护体系。