An investigation of flammability limits of gaseous mixtures at reduced pressures

An experimental investigation of flammability limits of hydrogen, methane and propane in air and oxygen at reduced pressures was carried out. A slow influence of sizes of an experimental vessel of a diameter higher than 125 mm on the flammability limits was revealed, but an influence of a type of an oxidizer (air or oxygen) and an ignition energy is significant. Critical values of an initial pressure for a possibility of a flame propagation were determined. The limiting values of the ignition energy were determined, for which an elevation of this parameter does not influence the critical pressure and the flammability region. A qualitative interpretation of obtained experimental results is given, which is based on a peculiarities of a flame initiation.     

基于元胞自动机数学模型的瓦斯抽采管道漏点定位研究

为了解决普通数学模型难以准确描述瓦斯抽采管道内流体的流动状态问题，提出了以元胞自动机模型为基础的瓦斯抽采管道漏点定位模型。根据元胞自动机在空间和时间上离散化的特性来演化管道流体在时空上的连续变化，将管径变化、管壁粗糙度、管构异件种类和数量以及温度等参数沿管道进行离散化，利用元胞自动机理论以及管道两端的信号对管道沿线压力和流量等参数变化进行预测，以判断泄漏的发生和漏点定位。通过实验验证，该方法能提高漏点定位精度。     

负压隔离器内病毒空气传播影响因素的研究

病毒活性及病毒气溶胶粒径是病毒空气传播实验中的重要影响因素。病毒活性主要与环境温湿度有关。为了研究负压隔离器内颗粒粒径的影响因素,测量了实际运行工况下的两种粒径的颗粒浓度,并对不同换气次数、送风温度下颗粒浓度和粒径分布进行数值模拟。结果表明,不同粒径颗粒分布规律趋于一致;增加换气次数会导致气流旋涡区域颗粒浓度升高;随着换气次数的增加和送风温度的增大,颗粒平均粒径增大;减小换气次数能显著提高颗粒中0~0.01 mm粒径范围颗粒的占比。     

惰性气体抑制瓦斯爆燃火焰传播特性实验研究*

为研究惰性气体抑制瓦斯爆燃火焰传播特性,在自行搭建的中尺度爆炸激波管道上,采用数据采集系统、压电式传感器、火焰传感器、同步控制系统和激光纹影测试系统,通过对比4种不同喷射压力（0.5,1.5,2.5,3.5 MPa）的实验工况,选用N2做为惰性介质时抑制火焰的传播特性与喷射压力密切相关,火焰传播速度随着喷射压力增加呈现先增加后减弱的趋势。研究结果表明:少量N2在管道中扩散,加剧了未反应预混气体的扰动状态,造成火焰阵面褶皱的卷吸能力增强,进而加速化学反应进程,促进预混气体燃烧;喷射压力为1.5 MPa时,火焰阵面拉升、变形最强,火焰传播速度提高,最高可达到250 m/s;喷射压力为3.5 MPa时,火焰阵面出现明显三维凹陷结构,运动发生明显滞后现象,火焰传播速度大幅度降低至5.4 m/s,惰性气体抑制火焰传播效果明显。     

浅埋煤层长壁工作面矿压显现规律现场监测研究

浅埋条件下的煤层开采,受上覆岩层移动影响而呈现与深埋煤层明显不同的特征.本文以神府矿区某矿1301工作面矿压观测为工程背景依托,应用“三量法”对工作面矿压显现规律进行研究,以工作面三个测区支架荷载和活柱下缩量为重点分析.研究表明:该工作面来压动载系数为1.5 -1.6,来压期间支架压力比平时大1- 13MPa;初次来压持续时间长,初次来压步距在55.9-56.3m,三个测区的周期来压步距为14.6 - 17.6m;且三个测区观测表明:中测区由于受工作面两侧煤壁影响较小,矿压显现程度同上下测区比较明显.     

Effects of Diabetic Neuropathy on Body Sway and Slip Perturbation Detection in Older Population

Postural control is a common mechanism to compensate for unexpected displacements of the body. In the older population, a slip or fall due to a failure of postural control is a common cause of morbidity and mortality. The ability of postural control decreases with aging or neuropathy. In this study, 2 groups, diabetics and non-diabetics in the older population, were compared to determine how patterns of postural sway during quiet standing were related to the detection of perturbation. The SLIP-FALLS system was applied to the measurement of sway and detection of perturbation. In phase 1 of the development of the predictive model, neural network algorithms were applied to find determinant variables for perturbation detection. In phase 2, a fuzzy logic inference system was developed to investigate the relationship between sway and perturbation detection. Results of this study may be applied to the design of floor mats or shoe insoles for preventing fatigue in workplaces.     

流动注射—光度法联用测定海水中PO4-P

本法针对海水分析时严重的盐度和基体干扰,以监测的海水试样为载流,并在流动注射进样阀前流路上首次引入自制全容量阴离子交换柱,去除载流中的磷酸盐,使进入系统的载流盐度与试样一致,消除了基体干扰,并通过阴柱在线再生条件试验和工作曲线优化试验,建立了流动注射磷锑钼蓝(还原剂为抗坏血酸)光度法直接测定PO4-P浓度为Ⅰ类～Ⅳ类海水的新方法,能分辨海水类别。结果表明,在最适合条件下,该方法在PO4-P浓度5～80μg/L范围内峰高与浓度成线性关系,方法检出限为0.73μg/L,空白海水加10μg/L、30μg/L和60μg/L PO4-P标准物质连续进样,RSD分别为4.57%(n=5)、4.72%(n=4)和5.76%(n=4)。进行实际样品分析时,加标回收率为101%～102%,具有很好的准确性,与国家标准方法———磷钼蓝分光光度法比对,结果吻合,令人满意。     

烟气循环流化床（CFB-FGD）干法脱硫优化调整

本文分析了烟气循环流化床工艺的运行调节原理,针对电厂自身的特点,对吸收塔进出口烟温差及床层压降参数进行调整,提高了烟气循环流化床系统运行的经济性.最后根据此实践提出了系统运行中优化调整的可行性.     

Methods for more accurate determination of explosion severity parameters

Accurate determination of explosion severity parameters (p_max, (dp/dt)_max, and K_St) is essential for dust explosion assessment, identification of mitigation strategy, and design of mitigation measure of proper capacity. The explosion severity parameters are determined according to standard methodology however variety of dust handled and operation circumstances may create practical challenge on the optimal test method and subsequent data interpretation. Two methods are presented: a statistical method, which considers all test results in determination of explosion severity parameters and a method that corrects the results for differences of turbulence intensity. The statistical method also calculates experimental error (uncertainty) that characterises the experimental spread, allows comparison to other dust samples and may define quality determination threshold. The correction method allows to reduce discrepancies between results from 1 m³ vessel and 20-l sphere caused by difference in the turbulence intensity level. Additionally new experimental test method for difficult to inject samples together with its analysis is described. Such method is a versatile tool for explosion interpretation in test cases where different dispersion nozzle is used (various turbulence level in the test chamber) because of either specific test requirements or being “difficult dust sample”.     

Experimental investigation of gas explosion in single vessel and connected vessels

Gas explosion in connected vessels usually leads to high pressure and high rate of pressure increase which the vessels and pipes can not tolerate. Severe human casualties and property losses may occur due to the variation characteristics of gas explosion pressure in connected vessels. To determine gas explosion strength, an experimental testing system for methane and air mixture explosion in a single vessel, in a single vessel connected a pipe and in connected vessels has been set up. The experiment apparatus consisted of two spherical vessels of 350 mm and 600 mm in diameter, three connecting pipes of 89 mm in diameter and 6 m in length. First, the results of gas explosion pressure in a single vessel and connected vessels were compared and analyzed. And then the development of gas explosion, its changing characteristics and relevant influencing factors were analyzed. When gas explosion occurs in a single vessel, the maximum explosion pressure and pressure growth rate with ignition at the center of a spherical vessel are higher than those with ignition on the inner-wall of the vessel. In conclusion, besides ignition source on the inner wall, the ignition source at the center of the vessels must be avoided to reduce the damage level. When the gas mixture is ignited in the large vessel, the maximum explosion pressure and explosion pressure rising rate in the small vessel raise. And the maximum explosion pressure and pressure rising rate in connected vessels are higher than those in the single containment vessel. So whenever possible, some isolation techniques, such as fast-acting valves, rotary valves, etc., might be applied to reduce explosion strength in the integrated system. However, when the gas mixture is ignited in the small vessel, the maximum explosion pressures in the large vessel and in the small vessel both decrease. Moreover, the explosion pressure is lower than that in the single vessel. When gas explosion happens in a single vessel connected to a pipe, the maximum explosion pressure occurs at the end of the pipe if the gas mixture is ignited in the spherical vessel. Therefore, installing a pipe into the system can reduce the maximum explosion pressure, but it also causes the explosion pressure growth rate to increase.