中美典型大城市突发事件应急管理模式的比较研究

我国经济的高速发展,我国城市突发公共安全事件也进入了一个相对高发期, 城市应急管理体系能有效地处理和预防城市突发公共事件,保障城市居民的人身安全和财产 安全.结合美国大城市的先进管理模式和经验,通过与我国大城市的应急管理模式在城市应 急管理体制的本质、应急管理的组织机构、应急管理运作机制、应急参与主体等几个方面的比较,...     

点火因素对于重大井喷事故的影响分析

本文主要分析了高含硫气井点火时间的影响.首先分析国内某重大高含硫井喷事故的调查结果[1],其次采用大涡模拟方法对井喷气体扩散进行模拟,并将计算结果与现场实际调查结果进行对比.通过计算不同点火时间在事故中造成的灾难后果,得出点火时间对于灾难的影响.通过计算不同的气象条件下的扩散距离,提出15min的点火时间标准.     

基于改进社会力模型的地铁大客流疏散能力研究*

为有效应对大客流情景下人群拥挤对地铁站正常运行带来的影响,采用社会力模型和Anylogic仿真软件,对地铁站大客流疏散能力进行建模和分析,从客观、主观、管理视角分析影响客流疏散能力的因素,基于改进社会力模型刻画行人行为,分析影响地铁车站疏散能力的3个关键因素,并以南宁地铁1号线朝阳广场站为背景进行研究。研究结果表明:行人密度是影响地铁站疏散能力的关键因素,出入口选择策略和行人亲属关系比例对疏散能力影响显著,研究结果可为地铁客流疏散提出针对性建议。     

LSH-02G克劳斯尾气加氢催化剂的开发及应用

介绍了LSH-02G克劳斯尾气加氢催化剂的生产工艺及工业应用情况。LSH-02G催化剂具有一定的大孔,可减少CO在催化剂孔道中的停留时间,显著提高催化剂的COS水解率。LSH-02G催化剂工业应用结果表明：装置在80％、100％和110％负荷下运行,各项参数运行正常,急冷水pH稳定在7.8~8.0,急冷塔顶在线氢气含量（φ）维持在1.8%~2.2%,加氢反应器无SO₂穿透。加氢反应器中SO₂加氢转化率均为100％,COS水解率均在92%以上,符合普光天然气净化厂加氢催化剂技术规格书要求（SO₂加氢转化率100％,COS水解率达90%以上）。     

A new approach to Assess Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition by Way of Standardized Exposition of mosses

A standardized method of moss exposition for assessing variations in nitrogen deposition was tested in the western part of Germany. Six pleurocarpous moss species were transplanted to two sites differing in their deposition rates but being comparable as to their climatic conditions. The mosses were exposed in standardized containers over a period of 12 months; the focus of interest was the effect of N deposition on nitrogen content and on ¹⁵N natural abundance (δ¹⁵N-values). Within the first nine months only trends could be observed. However, after one year all species tested showed significantly higher N concentrations at the highly polluted site. Besides, more negative δ¹⁵N-values possibly reflecting the higher ammonium input were detected at this site. Surprisingly, most of the plants though being kept in plastic containers without a favourable substratum did not show any conspicuous deficiency symptoms. The potential advantages of a standardized moss exposition for N monitoring purposes are discussed. It is concluded that the method presented here can yield significant results in particular if the number of testing sites is increased.     

Setting the stage for the review of the international estimate of short-term intake (IESTI) equation

ABSTRACT

In the framework of setting Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) for pesticides, both chronic and acute health risks to consumers arising from the long-term and short-term dietary exposure to pesticide residues have to be assessed. The current internationally harmonized approach for assessing the acute dietary exposure is based on deterministic methods for calculating the IESTI (International Estimate of Short-Term Intake). Recently, it became apparent that the IESTI approach needs a revision in the light of new scientific and political aspects. The main reasons that require this review were the lack of an international harmonization of the methodology which implies trade barriers as well as difficulties in risk communication concerning the public trust in regulatory systems. The most recent milestone in the scientific debate on a possible revision of the IESTI equation was an international scientific workshop held in Geneva in September 2015. The main objectives of this meeting were the re-evaluation, and where possible, the international harmonization of the input parameters for the IESTI equations as well as the equations themselves. The main recommendations from the workshop were (i) to replace the highest residue and supervised trials median residue with the maximum residue limit (MRL), (ii) to use a standard variability factor of three, (iii) to derive the P97.5 large portion value from the distribution of consumption values of dietary surveys expressed as kg food/kg bw/d, and (iv) to remove the commodity unit weight from the equations. In addition, the application of conversion factors and processing factors was addressed. On the initiative of the (World Health Organization) WHO Collaborating Centre on Chemical Food Safety at the National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), the Netherlands, an international working group with members from the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, France (ANSES), Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority, Australia (APVMA), German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Germany (BfR), Chemical Regulation Division, the United Kingdom (CRD), European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), and RIVM, the Netherlands was formed after the IESTI workshop to conduct a comprehensive impact assessment of the proposed changes of the IESTI equations.     

大型综合气候实验室基础环境模拟系统设计

目的设计出一套适用于大型综合气候实验室的基础环境模拟系统,用于实现温度和湿度等基础环境。方法通过分析实验室功能和热负荷,并综合考虑国外气候实验室的设计特点,提出基础环境模拟系统总体方案,该系统由复叠制冷系统、载冷载热系统、循环风系统、新风系统等8个子系统组成,并完成分系统设计。结果调试结果表明,基础环境模拟系统可实现-55～74℃的温度环境及RH为5%～95%的湿度环境,并可完全支持降雪、太阳辐射、冻雨、淋雨、吹风等特殊气候试验。结论设计出的基础环境模拟系统满足大型综合气候实验室的使用要求。     

大型基础设施项目生态环境影响评价

本文通过对区域形态的分析以及我国生态环境评价现状的阐述，说明我国现阶段在大型基础设施建设项目的评价存在一定的不足，并推出了一种切实可行的评价方法，即先建立一评价指标体系，而后建立运用层次分析法的评价模型。     

北京市规模化畜禽养殖场污染调查与防治对策研究

在对北京市规模化畜禽养殖场粪尿、废水产生、排放情况进行调查监测的基础上 ,提出了针对性污染防治对策。