哈尔滨市燃煤期PM10和PM2.5比对测试研究

哈尔滨市的地域性决定了气候非常具有代表性。以冬季特为明显,气温早晚温差大,气温低。再加上正是采暖期间,空气质量受供暖期等影响较大,空气质量不稳定。2013年冬季选择哈尔滨市燃煤期PM10和PM2.5比对测试研究分析,对市区内3个监测点位进行的颗粒物（PM10和PM2.5）手工采样与自动仪器的比对监测,以手工监测方法为基准,分析自动监测与手工监测的一致性,并对PM10和PM2.5浓度的比值关系进行了分析,结果表明：监测3个点位的PM10和PM2.5的浓度趋势具有很高的一致性,且以手工和自动数据进行线性回归的各项参数均符合技术规范（HJ 653-2013）的要求。     

可靠性数据资源应用体系建设现状及发展趋势

阐述了可靠性数据的定义和来源,论述了可靠性数据资源的作用。重点介绍了国内外可靠性数据资源网络建设的状况和进展,以及电子元器件可靠性预计手册和非电产品可靠性预计手册的编制情况和进展。在此基础上,分析了可靠性数据资源未来应用的发展方向。     

手工电弧焊接防触电措施

从电焊机的使用中的常见问题诸如电源的连接、设备的包养、防护的措施等方面告诉人们如何去避免危险的放生。对实际的现场作业的安全防护具有现实的指导意义。     

岳阳市南湖水体富营养化趋势研究

监测了湖南岳阳市南湖水体富营养化指标和纳污状况,分析了南湖水体富营养化趋势,探讨了人工水产养殖对南湖水体富营养化的影响。     

NIOSH手工提举方程在缸盖搬运中的应用

为了平衡操作人员的精力和体力,在保证人安全的前提下,提高生产力。采用NIOSH（National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health）提举方程对机加工车间缸盖搬运上线工位进行人机工程安全评估,通过对操作工作业的水平距离（H）、垂直距离（V）、提升距离（D）以及频率（F）进行研究,并对修订版NIOSH提举方程的重量常量与高度系数进行了修正。结果表明,经过合理调整四大参数,可在不设起吊、机器人等设备的情况下,保证人的身心健康,节约成本,提高人的工作效能。     

航空运输条件对锂电池安全性能的影响

航空运输条件对锂电池运输过程中的安全性有着较大的影响。本文介绍了联合国专家委员会关于危险货物运输的建议书及其试验和标准手册中锂电池运输鉴定的相关规定,重点阐述TUN38.3试验测试对锂电池安全性能的要求,并对测试中需要注意的安全问题进行了探讨。     

Pushing and pulling: an assessment tool for occupational health and safety practitioners

A tool has been developed for supporting practitioners when assessing manual pushing and pulling operations based on an initiative by two global companies in the manufacturing industry. The aim of the tool is to support occupational health and safety practitioners in risk assessment and risk management of pushing and pulling operations in the manufacturing and logistics industries. The tool is based on a nine-multiplier equation that includes a wide range of factors affecting an operator’s health risk and capacity in pushing and pulling. These multipliers are based on psychophysical, physiological and biomechanical studies in combination with judgments from an expert group consisting of senior researchers and ergonomists. In order to consider usability, more than 50 occupational health and safety practitioners (e.g., ergonomists, managers, safety representatives and production personnel) participated in the development of the tool. An evaluation by 22 ergonomists supports that the push/pull tool is user friendly in general.     

温湿度对PM2.5质量浓度监测的影响

探讨了在不同环境条件和污染状况下,带膜动态测量的微振荡天平法的自动监测方法能否准确监测空气中的PM_(2.5)质量浓度。通过自动方法与手工重量法的比对,针对2015年8月—2016年7月的监测结果进行讨论,尤其是不同温度和相对湿度对监测数据的影响,在平均相对湿度为60%~90%时夏季2种方法绝对偏差均值大于10μg/m3,并对该结果进行了原因分析,提出了自动监测的质量控制和比对溯源的建议,为PM_(2.5)的质量浓度监测工作提供了参考依据。     

西安市某工业园夏季VOCs浓度特征及O3、SOA生成潜势

2020年7月30日—10月10日对西安市某工业园区大气中的70种VOCs开展了为期73 d的VOCs手工采样监测,分析了上、下风向2个点位VOCs浓度组成特征、O₃生成潜势和SOA生成潜势,并运用PMF进一步分析该区域VOCs的主要来源。结果显示:监测期间工业园区平均VOCs浓度为203.50μg/m³,以甲醛和乙醛为主的醛酮类(148.37μg/m³)是主要污染物,占TVOC浓度的57%～84%,其次是烷烃。通过上、下风向VOCs成分比较发现,醛酮类为高污染时段特征污染物,工业园区平均OFP为969.66μg/m³,醛酮类对O₃生成的贡献最大,占TOFP的80%～97%,其次是烯烃。工业园区平均SOAFP为0.50μg/m³,芳香烃对SOA生成的贡献最大,占TSOAFP的48%～98%,其次是烷烃。PMF源解析得到5个因子,分别为工业源、溶剂涂料、燃烧源、移动源及其他源,贡献率分别占35.2%、20.4%、18.3%、12.8%、13.3%,解析显示该...     

Handgrip and Box Tilting Strategies in Handling: Effect on Stability and Trunk and Knee Efforts

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of four handgrip/box tilting strategies (right, left, backward, and no tilt of the box) on trunk and knee efforts, body posture, and the stability of 14 participants with limited experience in handling. The tasks consisted of transferring a low-lying box placed in front of the participant to a shelf of the same height at the participant’s left. It was hypothesized that tilting the box could reduce trunk and knee efforts as well as body asymmetry and improve stability. A tridimensional dynamic rigid body model was used to estimate the triaxial net muscular moment magnitudes at the trunk (L5/SI) and at the knees. An approach to quantify the participants’ dynamic stability was also included. Finally, five angles were computed to characterize body asymmetries. The results showed that tilting the box affected specific trunk efforts, but did not succeed in reducing trunk asymmetric efforts. However, the tilts were executed in a single direction, and it may be possible that combined tilts of the box could help reduce trunk asymmetric efforts. Tilting the box had little effect on knee loadings, and the left tilt strategy reduced participants’ stability. This study showed the importance of considering the position of the box when assessing the risks encountered in asymmetrical handling.