煤巷水力压挤防治瓦斯煤尘技术试验研究

为解决掘进煤巷瓦斯突出、积聚和粉尘污染等问题,结合祁东煤矿的煤层开采条件,研究水力压挤技术,探讨水力压挤防治瓦斯煤尘机理,试验确定钻孔布置、封孔深度、注水压力、注水量与注水时间等工艺参数。研究结果表明:水力压挤可使试验工作面卸压带增宽0.7m左右,挤出近20%的煤层原始瓦斯,最高降尘率达78.7%;该技术对防治瓦斯突出、超限和煤尘污染有显著效果。试验研究取得的相关水力压挤工艺技术参数,为类似煤层条件技术实施提供了工作基础。     

Carbon dioxide exchange in the photosynthetic apparatus of trees in a mature spruce phytocenosis of the northern taiga subzone

Carbon dioxide exchange was studied in the photosynthetic apparatus of Siberian spruce (Picea obovata Ledeb.), Siberian larch (Larix sibirica Ledeb.), and weeping birch (Betula pendula Roth.) in a mature spruce forest. Parameters of CO₂ balance in different weather were characterized quantitatively on the basis of daily measurements of CO₂ exchange in needles and leaves of woody plants. The percent ratios of the components of carbon balance in needles and leaves of woody plants depending on daily photosynthetic fixation of carbon were determined. In summer, trees consumed 210 kg CO₂/ha (57 kg C/ha) in variable weather and 117 kg CO₂/ha (32 kg C/ha) in cloudy weather. Species specificity of CO₂ consumption was revealed, and the effects of environmental factors on the assimilatory activity of trees were determined.     

基于DSP的低压电器EMC综合测试控制仪研制

本文根据低压电器产品电磁兼容试验的要求,针对目前业界使用的测量设备功能单一、适用性差等特点,研发了一套能适用多个标准试验的低压电器EMC综合测试仪.文中主要介绍了测试仪的功能特性、技术研发的难点,并提出了完整的硬件和软件设计的实现方案,最后通过实际案例进行测试验证.     

掘进面“三压带”分段注水机理及应用研究

针对高瓦斯、大风量及突出掘进面的治尘难题,提出掘进面"三压带"分段注水新方法,采用理论分析法对"三压带"分段注水机理进行研究;根据钻煤屑全水分分析法、滤膜测尘法及钻屑量称重法,分别对"三压带"采用分段注水前后煤体湿润半径、降尘效率及应力分布规律进行测试。结果表明,掘进面"三压带"采用分段注水后,煤层湿润半径达2 m左右;司机处及其后10 m处降尘效率分别达到66.5%、67.6%;卸压带被延伸到9 m左右,9～12 m范围内的集中应力带峰值相比注水前明显降低,能取得较好的防尘及防突效果。     

与体育场馆连接地铁车站大客流疏运能力计算模拟分析

突发大客流是威胁地铁车站运行的主要风险之一,为研究与大型体育场馆连接的车站在大型活动期间面对突发大客流疏导问题,利用行人仿真动力学的方法,建立地铁车站疏运模型。计算分析一岛一侧站台和一岛站台2种设计方案下的大客流疏运过程,研究客流运动特征及乘客滞留情况、疏散通道节点通过能力、公共区容纳能力、瞬时客流密度等指标,给出不同设计方案下的最大疏运能力。计算模拟结果表明一岛一侧站台时最大疏运能力为30 294人/h,站台、站厅容纳能力与运能相匹配,一岛一侧站台设计方案时,主要控制点为楼扶梯通道和站台面。计算模拟结果与理论分析结果相符,表明计算模拟方法适用于地铁大客流模拟。     

Safety line method for the prediction of deep coal-seam gas pressure and its application in coal mines

Gas pressure is an important index for evaluating the outburst risk and determining the gas content in coal seams. It is recommended to predict coal-seam gas pressure of the workface at deep levels before extending mining activities to deeper levels. According to the prediction results, measurements are taken for gas outburst prevention and control and for workload estimation. At present, regression methods are always used to process the numerous gas pressure data for prediction. Because there are many factors that influence the gas pressure which could lead to a deviation from actual values, the measured data do not possess basic conditions for regression methods; this can cause unexpected dangers if the methods are adopted.Based on a statistical analysis of actual measured results of coal-seam gas pressure in a same geological section in certain coal mine, two symbol measured points are selected to make a line for prediction, i.e. safety line, and the other measured points should be below the line except the abnormal points due to the confined water. It has been successfully applied in numerous coal mines in China. Particularly, this method is analyzed in this paper for the case of the No. 8₂ coal seam in the Taoyuan coal mine in Huaibei coalfield, China. By comparatively analyzing the relationship between gas pressure and depth from surface using regression methods, it is found that the safety line method could lead to a better prediction for deep coal-seam gas pressure, and therefore promote early warning ability and mining safety.     

Real-time numerical simulations and experimental research for the propagation characteristics of shock waves and gas flow during coal and gas outburst

When coal and gas outburst occurs, high-speed gas flow and air shock wave with high kinetic energy could be created. In this paper, the formation process of outburst shock waves and gas flow has been analyzed firstly. Afterwards, the numerical simulation models of the roadways with right-angled intersection have been established, by which real-time simulation of the propagation of outburst gas flow and the process of gas transport has been conducted. Gas pressure, gas velocity and gas concentration can be simulated and shown. From analyzing the simulation results, qualitative and quantitative conclusions that the characteristics and patterns of the propagation and attenuation of outburst shock waves and gas flow can be arrived at. Finally, experimental models have been carried out to investigate the outburst shock waves and gas flow at the roadways with the similar shapes as the simulated ones. The results indicate that when shock wave and gas flow passes the intersection, most of the shock wave and gas flow will flow into the roadway of section opposite the intersection, and a little of it would flow into the roadway below the intersection. And turbulence will appear, shock wave reflects and diffracts at branches with more influence on the roadway below the intersection.     

模糊综合评价法在煤与瓦斯突出危险性评估中的应用

为了直观准确地对煤矿进行煤与瓦斯突出危险进行评估,在工程实践中建立了安全评价模型,确定了体系层次结构,运用模糊数学方法和层次分析法合理地确定了各因素的权重以及各因素评判和整体综合评判,提高了结果的科学性、实用性。     

预抽煤层瓦斯消突效果评价FTA及综合指标优选

针对预抽煤层瓦斯这一区域性防治煤与瓦斯突出措施的消突效果评价,应用事故树分析法(FTA),可根据导致预抽煤层瓦斯后发生煤与瓦斯突出事故的各种可能途径,以及各个诱导因素对事故发生的影响程度,找到可用于消突效果评价的关键因子,进一步分析出评价指标和评价方案.本文构造出了预抽煤层瓦斯后发生煤与瓦斯突出的事故树模型,通过FTA定性分析,得出了预抽煤层瓦斯消突效果评价因子的客观排序,为区域防突措施消突效果评价提供了一种新的理论方法.     

新安煤田煤与瓦斯突出特征及防治措施

为解决新安煤田煤与瓦斯突出影响因素众多和防治难度较大等问题,运用瓦斯地质理论分析了新安煤田煤与瓦斯突出特征及控制因素,并提出了有针对性的煤与瓦斯突出防治措施。研究表明:地质构造是控制新安煤田煤与瓦斯突出分布的主要地质因素;构造应力是控制新安煤田煤与瓦斯突出的主要动力因素;新安煤田煤与瓦斯突出吨煤瓦斯涌出量较大,是增加煤与瓦斯突出发生可能性及危险性的重要因素。基于此,从突出危险性预测、防治突出措施及安全防护措施等三个方面提出了多项煤与瓦斯突出防治措施。