基于SD模型的地铁盾构施工人员安全能力仿真

为研究地铁盾构施工人员安全能力的动态演变规律，减少地铁盾构施工安全事故，建立基于系统动力学（SD）的地铁盾构施工人员安全能力仿真模型。首先，从施工人员个体特质、组织管理以及施工环境3个方面提取盾构施工人员安全能力影响因素，并运用结构方程模型（SEM）验证主要影响因素及因素间的关系；然后，运用SD模型构建地铁盾构施工人员安全能力仿真模型；最后，对成都地铁11号线盾构施工人员进行实证分析。结果表明:地铁盾构施工人员安全能力在前8 h缓慢上升，后4 h快速下降；在前5 h，提高施工人员个体特质、改善施工环境以及提高组织管理水平均能提高安全能力；提高组织管理水平能够减缓后4 h安全能力的下降趋势。     

Tracing the geographic origin of traded leopard body parts in the indian subcontinent with DNA‐based assignment tests

Illicit trade in wildlife products is rapidly decimating many species across the globe. Such trade is often underestimated for wide‐ranging species until it is too late for the survival of their remaining populations. Policing this trade could be vastly improved if one could reliably determine geographic origins of illegal wildlife products and identify areas where greater enforcement is needed. Using DNA‐based assignment tests (i.e., samples are assigned to geographic locations), we addressed these factors for leopards (Panthera pardus) on the Indian subcontinent. We created geography‐specific allele frequencies from a genetic reference database of 173 leopards across India to infer geographic origins of DNA samples from 40 seized leopard skins. Sensitivity analyses of samples of known geographic origins and assignments of seized skins demonstrated robust assignments for Indian leopards. We found that confiscated pelts seized in small numbers were not necessarily from local leopards. The geographic footprint of large seizures appeared to be bigger than the cumulative footprint of several smaller seizures, indicating widespread leopard poaching across the subcontinent. Our seized samples had male‐biased sex ratios, especially the large seizures. From multiple seized sample assignments, we identified central India as a poaching hotspot for leopards. The techniques we applied can be used to identify origins of seized illegal wildlife products and trade routes at the subcontinent scale and beyond.     

建筑物火灾中人员行为EXODUS模拟的研究

通过对建筑物火灾疏散仿真系统平台Building EXODUS的研究,以学校教学楼建筑物为例,使用Building EXODUS软件模拟疏散情境。Building EXODUS软件是由格林威治大学开发的,模型包括了人与人之间、人与结构之间和人与环境之间互相作用。Building EXODUS是一种细网格的过程模拟软件,能比较真实地模拟疏散人员和场景的若干属性和行为,追踪疏散过程的诸多细节,在此基础上给出比较全面翔实的预测结果。     

地铁枢纽车站大客流疏散性能评估及策略优化研究*

为分析大型地铁枢纽车站人员疏散通过能力、疏散瓶颈位置和车站疏散策略优化方案,利用数值模拟研究某大型整体式站厅枢纽换乘车站人员疏散过程。研究结果表明:楼扶梯和出入口是车站疏散过程中的关键瓶颈,当疏散通过能力较大的出入口E或楼扶梯组8停止使用时,导致站厅疏散时长和站台疏散时长大幅增加;采用引导乘客均匀使用各楼扶梯疏散以及站厅增加应急出口等优化措施,可显著提高车站疏散效率。     

基于JACK的机务人员上肢职业性损伤的仿真与评估*

为客观评价机务人员上肢职业性肌肉骨骼损伤风险,选取作业姿势、肌肉负载和暴露时间作为评估工作过程中机务人员肌肉骨骼损伤的指标,结合工效学和仿真技术,建立机务维修中肌肉骨骼损伤风险仿真评价方法,定量评估工作过程中机务人员肌肉骨骼损伤程度。采用动素理论分解A330飞机六号肋改装作业任务,对作业人员、工作场景、维修动作进行建模,使用JACK软件中的人因分析工具（TAT）分别对选取指标进行分析评估。研究结果表明:在六号肋改装作业中,机务人员存在严重的上肢职业性肌肉骨骼损伤的隐患,此研究方法可客观高效评估机务人员上肢职业性肌肉骨骼损伤的程度。     

林业企业特种作业人员安全技术培训方法的研究

对培训的内容和方法进行了深入的探讨。总结了林业企业特种作业人员安全技术培训工作的一些经验和教训，提出了林业企业特种作业人员安全技术培训工作中采取的措施和非常很有价值的建议。对同类企业的特种作业人员培训工作具有很好的指导和借鉴作用。     

Combating the Illegal Trade in African Elephant Ivory with DNA Forensics

Abstract:  International wildlife crime is burgeoning in this climate of global trade. We contend that the most effective way to contain this illegal trade is to determine where the wildlife is being removed. This allows authorities to direct law enforcement to poaching hot spots, potentially stops trade before the wildlife is actually killed, prevents countries from denying their poaching problems at home, and thwarts trade before it enters into an increasingly complex web of international criminal activity. Forensic tools have been limited in their ability to determine product origin because the information they can provide typically begins only at the point of shipment. DNA assignment analyses can determine product origin, but its use has been limited by the inability to assign samples to locations where reference samples do not exist. We applied new DNA assignment methods that can determine the geographic origin(s) of wildlife products from anywhere within its range. We used these methods to examine the geographic origin(s) of 2 strings of seizures involving large volumes of elephant ivory, 1 string seized in Singapore and Malawi and the other in Hong Kong and Cameroon. These ivory traffickers may comprise 2 of the largest poaching rings in Africa. In both cases all ivory seized in the string had common origins, which indicates that crime syndicates are targeting specific populations for intense exploitation. This result contradicts the dominant belief that dealers are using a decentralized plan of procuring ivory stocks as they became available across Africa. Large quantities of ivory were then moved, in multiple shipments, through an intermediate country prior to shipment to Asia, as a risk-reduction strategy that distances the dealer from the poaching locale. These smuggling strategies could not have been detected by forensic information, which typically begins only at the shipping source.     

基于ASP.NET技术的人事管理系统的分析

信息化发展是一个企业、单位、公司发展的必要条件和重要支撑,传统的人事管理系统均存在着这样或那样的缺点,管理上非常低效,基于ASP.NET技术的人事管理系统在实际中的应用,介绍系统使用的关键技术和数据库技术,并分析了系统的设计和不同模块的功能特点,从而提出了一种基于ASP.NET技术的人事信息数据采集、筛选、管理的新模式.图2,参6.     

排污权交易初始分配中的权利配置与救济

排污权初始分配合理与否在很大程度上决定着市场交易能否持续,因而初始分配权利的合理配置是排污权交易制度设计的核心。初始分配中政府主导地位、政府失灵和公众参与的利益诉求决定了应该对政府权力加以约束,应该构筑以政府权力约束为核心,采取直接和间接权力约束方式的权利分配机制。同时,还应着重从环保问责制和环境公益诉讼两方面构建和完善初始分配中的权利救济制度。     

注重提高技术监管水平--做好环保现场监察工作

环境监察作为开展环境保护工作的一种主要执法手段,在确定排污单位是否达标排放、治污设施是否正常运转时,不能简单地依据污染治理设施排放情况做出结论,而应注重运用技术手段开展全过程监察。要做好新时期的环保监察工作,确保环境安全、改善环境质量、服务科学发展,仅靠工作激情、完善规章制度、明确科室职责是不够的,执法人员技术监管能力的高低直接影响环境违法行为的查处等监察工作的开展,为杜绝业务不熟悉、执法技能低和被疑受罚的现象发生,环保部门在完善内控机制与强化执法监督的同时,应注重培训执法人员技术监管水平,提高监察技能,充分运用技术手段开展环境执法监察工作,对及时发现和查处环境违法行为至关重要。