跨界融合子处理豆制品废水控制参数局部优化研究

根据跨界融合子基因工程菌降解豆制品废水动力学参数,在流量Ｑ１和出水浓度Ｓｃ设定情况下,推算在自控稳定回流系统中,生物量的停留时间θｃ和相应的比降解率ｑ等参数数值,     

稳定塘的数学模型和技术参数

为系统掌握稳定塘的设计、运行规律,应用国家“六五”科技攻关９个稳定塘中试基地的运行数据,通过数据分析、综合,总结出稳定塘的数学模型和技术参数。确定了稳定塘型的依据,提出了全国范围稳定塘负荷的设计值。      

随机因素对河流水质模型参数最优估值影响

用多宾斯－BOD－DO（Dobbins－BOD－DO）水质模型,生成真实的无干扰和有干扰的仿真水质数据。在此基础上,用绘制目标函数响应面的方法,分析水质监测数据中的随机噪声对水质模型参数最优估值的影响。分析结果表明,随机噪声干扰使最优估计参数＂漂离＂系统真实参数,并增加最优估计参数的不唯一性问题。     

辣根过氧化物酶处理酚和氯酚的催化特性研究

为了研究辣根过氧化物酶处理酚和氯酚的动力学过程,采用人工配不试验,测定了ｐＨ对酶催化反应的影响,Ｈ２Ｏ２抑制酶催化反应的动力学参数和不同度物的酶催化反应动力学参数,结果表明,在试验的ｐＨ范围内,ｐＨ为９时过氧化物酶对苯酚和对氯苯酚的去除效率最高,分别达到９９．５％和９５％。     

微量曝气条件下SBR反应器的运行特性研究

在 4种不同供气量条件下 ,研究了SBR反应器去除COD和氧化氨氮的沿程变化规律 ,重点考察了在微量供气、低溶解氧条件下的反应器运行特性 .在本试验运行条件下 ,4 0L h的供气量刚好提供了去除COD和氨氮所需的氧 ,此状态下反应器内的溶解氧平均水平为 0 5mg L .试验中对运行工艺参数DO、ORP和pH的监测表明 ,这些参数在一个运行周期内具有一定的变化规律 ,并且它们的变化与反应器内的物质状态存在严格的对应关系 .     

处理高浓度印染废水的UBF反应器运行参数研究

对 UBF处理高浓度、高色度印染废水进行了试验研究 ,结果表明 :当印染废水的 CODCr为 15 0 0 m g/L 及色度为 40 0～60 0倍时 ,最佳 Fe2 +投加量为 9.0～ 10 .0 mg/L;当高浓度印染废水的 CODCr>30 0 0 mg/L 及色度 >5 0 0 0倍时 ,U BF反应器的最适HRT为 2 4.0 h,此时反应器 CODCr去除率稳定在 45 %左右。 U BF反应器具有很好的抗冲击负荷能力     

煤层水力压裂合理参数分析与工程实践

煤层水力压裂技术是近年来应用于高瓦斯低透气性突出煤层的一种卸压增透消突技术,人们对水力压裂的卸压增透消突机理有了较充分的认识,现场工程应用的效果也较好,但有关煤层水力压裂参数是如何确定的系统分析却是很少。笔者在阐述水力压裂机理及压裂过程的基础上,系统地阐述高瓦斯低透气性突出煤层水力压裂所需的注水压力、流量、注水时间、注水速度、孔间距、封孔长度等技术参数以及煤体内在因素的影响作用;最后在义安矿FD003工作面进行了水力压裂试验研究和效果考察,得出适合义安矿的水力压裂合理注水参数。通过水力压裂,煤层瓦斯抽放量和抽放浓度得到大幅度提高,达到了卸压增透防突效果,同时起到了润湿煤体和降尘效果。     

纳米材料对生物体的毒性研究

运用Einstein第一扩散公式和沉降公式,半定量、定量地说明纳米粒子沉降速度大约是微米粒子的千万分之一,更易悬浮在大气和溶液中,被生物体通过呼吸系统和循环系统所吸收;运用范德华力引起的相互作用势能公式,半定量地说明纳米粒子比微米粒子更容易吸附和团聚,通过大气中粒子转化、水体及土壤中的迁移传播等途径,由食物链富集到生物体内。可见,纳米粒子要比微米粒子的毒性更加严重,更能影响生物体的健康。同时,从纳米材料毒性影响因素对生物体的作用上看,纳米粒子也是严重影响着生物体的健康,给生物体带来极大的危害,并根据纳米材料的毒性研究结果为今后纳米技术的良性发展提出了新的方向。     

Spatial and Temporal Trends of Physicochemical Parameters in the Water of the Reconquista River (Buenos Aires, Argentina)

The Reconquista river is one of the most polluted watercourses in Argentina. More than 3 million people and over 10,000 industries are settled on its basin. The available data show that pollution is mainly related to the discharge of domestic and industrial liquid wastes that are poured into the river almost untreated. At present no site of the river can be characterized as free of pollutants. Samples were taken monthly from 5 sites of the river; some 18–20 physicochemical parameters were determined in each sample. Analyses revealed significant differences in the degree of deterioration between sites. Two of them, close to the source of the river (Cascallares-S₁ and Paso del Rey-S₂) resulted less polluted than the two points located close to the mouth of the river (San Martin-S₄ and Bancalari-S₅). The worsening of the water quality in S₄–S₅ was attributed to the discharges of the Moron stream, a tributary that flows into the main course of the river a complex mixture of non treated waste waters. PCA was used in the ordination of samples (sites, season and physicochemical parameters). In the PCA performed using all variables, the first principal component showed positive correlation with N-NH₄ ⁺, conductivity, orthophosphate, BOD₅, COD and alkalinity, and negative correlation with DO. The second principal component was positively correlated with pH, temperature and chlorophyll a and negatively with phenols and hardness. In respect to the spatial distribution, the plot of the scores for the first two components of samples taken in each sampling station showed S₁ and S₂ values displayed farthest at the left side of the X axis with high DO. In contrast, S₄ and S₅ values stayed at the right side of this axis with high N-NH₄ ⁺, conductivity, orthophosphate, BOD₅, COD and alkalinity; data of S₃ were “intermediate". In order to identify seasonal trends in the concentration of contaminants scores of cases labeled by season were plotted. The line drawn on the ordination plane showed that summer samples tended to converge to the upper right portion of the graph where pollution variables had more importance on the first axis, and along the second axis with high correlation with pH, temperature and chlorophyll a. Winter scores were settled in the left lower part of the plot with minor contribution of pollution parameters and more importance of DO on the first axis. Samples of autumn and spring did not fit a clear cut pattern. Deceased