基层环境行政执法存在的问题与对策研究

随着经济的迅速发展,人民生活水平明显提高。但生存环境恶化,能源紧缺等问题也不断显现。人民群众对生活环境质量的要求和对环境保护工作的关注度越来越高。环境执法是维护群众环境权益、构建和谐社会的重要保障和体现,因此,开拓适应市场经济新体制的环境执法新局面,维护环境法制的尊严,加强环境保护的基本国策地位,实现中国社会、经济和环境的可持续发展,都具重要的理论意义和实践意义。坚持在发展中保护,在保护中发展成为基层环境行政执法的新任务。     

大型活动生物恐怖应急处置研究与系统开发

针对非传统安全威胁的现状及其应急处置中的主要问题,以典型的非传统安全事件-大型活动举办过程中生物恐怖事件为背景,通过比较分析,给出了生物恐怖的定义;从大型活动生物恐怖应急指挥与处置的角度,通过应急处置业务流程分析,提出了大型活动生物恐怖事件应急处置的系统框架;根据系统框架和处置功能分析,基于三维GIS和AJAX技术开发了大型活动生物恐怖应急处置原型系统,对复杂的应急处置体系进行了分层模块化和可视化,可为应急救援部门制定更为详细的救援方案和应急决策提供技术参考。     

城市基本生态控制线划定范围研究

结合景观生态学原理,将城市基本生态控制线分解为基本农田控制线,河流与湿地控制线,林地控制线,山体控制线,海岸、沙滩控制线,针对每个景观生态要素控制线,通过定性、定量分析,分别提出划定依据、原则或方法。     

极端气候事件的灾后适应能力研究——以水稻为例

本研究以水稻种植业为例,基于1985-2008年中国水稻主产区的面板数据,实证分析了中国极端气候事件灾后适应能力的机制及绩效。结论表明:西南、华中、华东地区在极端气候事件灾后,并没有将农业产业结构向养殖业调整,相反,种植业在政府扶持与创新激励下反而恢复生产甚至进一步扩张。特别对于西南等经济相对欠发达地区而言,较强的灾后适应能力,往往是农业生产机会成本较低的作用结果,同样由于此原因,华东地区在水灾之后却出现了劳动力转移现象。现阶段,灾后适应能力较多的表现为微观层面的农户响应行为,此种民间调控机制必然有其局限性,政府部门应加大投入力度,通过水利工程建设、气象灾害预警体系构建、标准化农田建设、良种补贴等方式引领粮食主产区应对气象灾害。     

基于SOA的三峡库区水环境安全预警平台集成

从三峡库区水环境安全预警平台背景作用与意义,提出基于SOA的B/S与C/S相结合的技术架构设计及数据库层、组件服务层和集成应用层3层架构体系,探索GIS多源数据标准、GIS与模型库以及基于WebService接口的应用服务的平台集成技术实现;指出研究成果在水环境管理应用中不断完善。     

内陆河流域重要生态功能区生态安全评价研究——以黑河流域为例

以遥感与GIS技术为依托,根据PSR模型框架建立黑河流域生态安全评价指标体系,通过三期生态安全评价数据,综合分析了黑河流域20年来生态安全变化情况,结果表明其生态安全状况总体呈现波动变化,2000年较1986年呈恶化趋势,2007年较2000年有所好转。     

食物安全:基于食品系统理论的探讨

在经济发展、消费升级、资源短缺和环境问题凸显的新的外部环境背景下,本文引入了国外新兴的食品系统理论,探讨并提出了可持续的食物安全保障的新观念.食物安全始终是中国经济发展、社会稳定和国家自立的基础.国内多数学者仍然用30年前食物匮乏时期的思路来研究现代的食物安全问题,其结果导致研究结论与现实情况不符.如何在节约资源、减少浪费的同时又能够满足人们不断升级的食物消费需求,是对未来食物安全保障的新要求.本文首先分析了我国食物安全研究的现状,指出了不足和问题,然后引入国外新兴的食品系统理论,在探讨其概念内涵的基础上,剖析了食品系统与食物安全的关系,影响食物安全的因素和研究视角,并进一步提炼出基于食品系统理论的新的食物安全保障观念,为我国研究食物安全提供借鉴.     

Moral Responsibility for Environmental Problems—Individual or Institutional?

The actions performed by individuals, as consumers and citizens, have aggregate negative consequences for the environment. The question asked in this paper is to what extent it is reasonable to hold individuals and institutions responsible for environmental problems. A distinction is made between backward-looking and forward-looking responsibility. Previously, individuals were not seen as being responsible for environmental problems, but an idea that is now sometimes implicitly or explicitly embraced in the public debate on environmental problems is that individuals are appropriate targets for blame when they perform actions that are harmful to the environment. This idea is criticized in this paper. It is argued that instead of blaming individuals for performing actions that are not environmentally friendly we should ascribe forward-looking responsibility to individuals, a notion that focuses more on capacity and resources than causation and blameworthiness. Furthermore, it is important to emphasize that a great share of forward-looking responsibility should also be ascribed to institutional agents, primarily governments and corporations. The urge to ascribe forward-looking responsibility to institutional agents is motivated by the efficiency aim of responsibility distributions. Simply put, if responsibility is ascribed to governments and corporations there is a better chance of creating a society in which the opportunities to act in an environmentally friendly way increase.     

旅游安全信息管理问题与对策研究

旅游安全是旅游业的生命线,旅游安全信息是旅游安全管理的基础。加强旅游安全信息管理,对提高旅游安全管理水平,促进旅游业的健康发展和提升社会管理水平等具有重要意义。界定了旅游安全信息管理的涵义,总结了加强旅游安全信息管理的意义,结合我国旅游安全信息管理的现状及旅游业发展的趋势,分析了当前我国旅游安全信息管理方面存在的问题,探讨改进我国旅游安全信息管理的对策,为全面提高我国旅游安全管理水平和旅游业的健康发展服务。     

Governing the Borderlands: Decoding the Power of Aid

This article examines aid practice, that is, the public-private contractual networks that link donor governments, UN agencies, military establishments, NGOs, private companies and others, as a relation of global liberal governance. In order to fulfil this function, such networks embody what could be called the 'securitisation' of international assistance. Based upon ideas of human security and ameliorating the effects of poverty and vulnerability reduction, aid is now seen as playing a direct security role. Rather than being concerned with relations between states, the primary aim of this security paradigm is to modulate and change the behaviour of populations within them. In doing so, it is able to exploit the opportunities afforded by privatisation. At the same time, however, aid as security is confronted by its own particular problem of 'governing at a distance'; how can calculations made by leading states be transformed into actions at the global edge when a multitude of private and non-government implementors now intervene? The article concludes by examining the contribution of risk analysis to solving this problem and, especially, the development of new contractual regimes based around technical standardisation, benchmarking and performance auditing. Through such technologies, metropolitan states are learning how to manage the public-private networks of aid practice and, as a result, to govern the borderlands in new ways.