不同环境温度和活动强度下人体出汗率测定

提出了一种测定人体出汗量的方法—衣物增重法,并利用该法分别测定20、25、28℃环境温度下,8名受试者在跑步机上分别以2、4、6mi/h(54、107、161 m/min)的速度跑步15min后的出汗量。运用配对样本t检验,并对出汗率测定结果进行分析后发现,环境温度和活动强度对人体单位面积出汗率均有显著影响,环境温度分别为20、25、28℃以及活动强度分别为2、4、6mi/h时,人体单位面积出汗率的范围为1.605～681.100 g/(h.m2)。     

基于三维扫描的服装面积因子测评

为计算服装面积因子,引入先进的三维扫描技术,分别扫描裸体和着装下的人体,获取点云数据。本文创建应用逆向工程软件Rapidform2006修复重建人体模型的合理流程,分别用现有的像素替代方法和新引进的逆向工程软件方法计算服装面积因子。实践证明,使用逆向工程软件重建人体模型,直接获得面积数值与现有的像素替代法间没有显著性差异,但是能大幅度减少测评周期。     

施用农药人员的安全与防护——ASTM F2669《施用农药人员用防护服性能标准》介绍

本文主要介绍了ASTM F 2669-2009《施用农药人员用防护服性能标准》的分级和检测要求、防护服材料性能要求、材料的抗渗透性指标等,并就施药人员的安全与防护以及完善防护服标准体系提出建议,以为我国广大相关领域人员了解标准和应用标准提供帮助。     

Test of Firefighter’s Turnout Gear in Hot and Humid Air Exposure

Five students of a rescue training school cycled at 50 W for 20 min at 20 °C before walking at 5 km/hr up to 30 min in a climatic chamber at 55 °C and 30% relative humidity. 4 different types of clothing ensembles differing in terms of thickness and thermal insulation value were tested on separate days. All subjects completed 28–30 min in light clothing, but quit after 20–27 min in 3 firefighter ensembles due to a rectal temperature of 39 °C or subjective fatigue. No difference in the evolution of mean skin or rectal temperature was seen for the 3 turnout ensembles. Sweat production amounted to about 1000 g in the turnout gears of which less than 20% evaporated. It was concluded that the small differences between the turnout gears in terms of design, thickness and insulation value had no effect on the resulting heat physiological strain for the given experimental conditions.     

Heat Gain From Thermal Radiation Through Protective Clothing With Different Insulation,Reflectivity and Vapour Permeability

The heat transferred through protective clothing under long wave radiation compared to a reference condition without radiant stress was determined in thermal manikin experiments. The influence of clothing insulation and reflectivity, and the interaction with wind and wet underclothing were considered. Garments with different outer materials and colours and additionally an aluminised reflective suit were combined with different number and types of dry and pre-wetted underwear layers. Under radiant stress, whole body heat loss decreased, i.e., heat gain occurred compared to the reference. This heat gain increased with radiation intensity, and decreased with air velocity and clothing insulation. Except for the reflective outer layer that showed only minimal heat gain over the whole range of radiation intensities, the influence of the outer garments’ material and colour was small with dry clothing. Wetting the underclothing for simulating sweat accumulation, however, caused differing effects with higher heat gain in less permeable garments.     

国外热防护服装性能测试技术标准研究

热防护服是热环境下人体安全防护的主要装备,其标准的科学性和系统性对热环境下的人体安全防护具有重要的支持作用.国外对热防护服相关的技术标准予以充分重视,以性能测试技术方法为主体,建立了较为科学、完善的标准,并体现出新的发展趋势.通过对国外热防护服技术标准的调研,总结性能测试标准的共性内容,包括主要性能测试方法、实验设备、实验步骤、烧伤评估、人体模型和测试报告等.整套防护服装的性能测试技术及标准是研究的重点,出汗暖体假人将在防护服装性能测试领域被更为广泛的应用.最后,提出我国研制热防护服性能测试技术标准的建议.     

防X射线纤维及织物的研制与性能研究

通过将重金属化合物微粉与聚合物熔融共混后纺丝的方法， 可研制出具有Ｘ射线屏蔽性能的防Ｘ射线纤维，并可进一步加工成织物。本文研究了防Ｘ射线纤维和织物的制造方法和性能特点，结果表明，这种织物具有良好的对低能Ｘ 射线的防护功能，有广阔的应用前景     

战场电磁环境对无人机系统的干扰分析

提高无人机系统抗电磁干扰能力,是适应信息化战争复杂战场电磁环境的必然要求.从干扰源、干扰设备、干扰途径等不同方面综合分析了复杂战场电磁环境对无人机系统可能存在的电磁干扰,描述了作用机理,对潜在的危险性作出分析评估,并提出了有效的抗电磁干扰的防护措施.     

开缝屏蔽体的屏蔽效能仿真研究

运用电磁仿真软件FEKO进行仿真建模,对混响室条件下小尺寸开缝屏蔽腔体内部的场分布进行了仿真计算,给出了屏蔽体的屏蔽能力与混响室内电磁场的频率、入射方向和极化方向的依赖关系,并利用屏蔽效能的统计定义,讨论了屏蔽效能的特点和规律.     

金属纤维织物的屏波原理及其研究现状

以电磁辐射的危害及防护为切入点,介绍了金属纤维及其织物的屏蔽机理,阐述了其制备工艺、屏蔽效能的检测技术和主要影响因素,并对金属纤维屏蔽织物的进一步发展进行了展望。