多晶硅切割液废液的回收与利用

结合工程实际,介绍了太阳能产业用多晶硅片切割过程中产生的割液废液的处理工艺及回收工艺,并分析了它的投资成本和经济效益。     

杂质对硝酸铵水溶液临界爆炸温度的影响

利用自制装置对含杂质的硝酸铵水溶液临界爆炸温度进行测试研究.结果表明,Cl-单独作用在一定程度上抑制硝酸铵溶液的热分解,提高了其临界爆炸温度;pH值一定时,随着Cl-浓度的增大,硝酸铵水溶液的临界爆炸温度呈指数形式降低;Cl-浓度一定时,pH值越小,硝酸铵水溶液的临界爆炸温度越低;油脂会降低硝酸铵溶液的热稳定性.该结果...     

半空间中圆柱形夹塞物对入射平面SV波的散射解析解

采用Fourier-Bessel波函数展开法,给出了半空间中地下夹塞物对平面SV波的散射解析解。借助大圆弧面近似模拟水平地表,由连续性边界条件和自由地表条件建立方程求解。通过参数分析,讨论了夹塞物本身及入射波特性对地表位移的影响规律。研究表明:夹塞物附近地表位移放大效应显著,地表位移对入射SV波频率和角度的变化比较敏感。当埋深较深时,夹塞物的散射效应可以忽略。     

层状半空间中沉积谷地对入射SV波的放大作用——时域解答

利用傅里叶变换方法,研究了层状半空间中沉积谷地对SV波的时域散射问题。首先,通过傅里叶变换将时域问题转换为离散的频域问题,针对有效频率成分采用间接边界元方法求解频域响应,再将所得频域结果进行傅里叶逆变换得到时域解答。通过与已有结果的对比,验证了方法的正确性。最后,以基岩上单一土层中沉积谷地在R icker波入射下的散射问题为例进行了数值计算分析,结果表明,沉积谷地和土层的存在都会造成振动持续时间的增长;层状半空间中沉积谷地和均匀半空间中沉积谷地对波的放大作用存在显著差别。文中分析了造成该差别的原因,并讨论了覆盖层厚度和刚度对散射效应的影响。     

两种生物炭的制备及其对水溶液中四环素去除的影响因素

以中药材三桠苦药渣和玉米秸秆为原料,分别在400、600和800℃下热解制备生物炭,并研究其对水溶液中四环素的去除及其影响因素.利用元素分析、傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、比表面积分析(BET)、X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等方法对制备的生物炭进行表征;并探究热解温度、生物炭添加量、初始溶液浓度、吸附时间、溶液pH、离子强度、环境温度等因素对生物炭去除水溶液中四环素的影响;通过吸附动力学和等温吸附平衡探究两种原料制备的生物炭对溶液中四环素的吸附行为.结果表明,生物炭对四环素的吸附性能随制备温度的升高而增加,800℃制备的三桠苦药渣生物炭(EIBC800)具有最佳吸附性能.生物炭添加量、溶液pH、离子强度、吸附时间对800℃制备的三桠苦药渣生物炭(EIBC800)和玉米秸秆生物炭(CSBC800)吸附水溶液中四环素影响较大,吸附时环境温度对吸附的影响大小依赖于抗生素质量浓度.EIBC800和CSBC800对四环素的吸附行为均符合准二级动力学方程(R~2分别为0. 954 0和0. 835 5),等温吸附符合Freundlich方程(R~2分别在0. 899 1～0. 957 9和0. 973 6～0. 994 6之间),主要吸附过程为化学吸附,且吸附过程均是自发吸热的过程.通过以两种原料所制备的生物炭吸附性能对比,EIBC800吸附抗生素的能力比CSBC800更强,说明中药渣在制备生物炭去除水环境中的抗生素具有较好的应用前景.     

Electrochemical reduction of Cr(VI) in the presence of sodium alginate and its application in water purification

Chromium (Cr) is used in many manufacturing processes, and its release into natural waters is a major environmental problem today. Low concentrations of Cr(VI) are toxic to human health and living organisms due to the carcinogenic and mutagenic nature of this mineral. This work examined the conversion of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) via electrochemical reduction using gold electrode in an acidic sodium alginate (SA) solution and subsequent removal of the produced Cr(III)-SA by the polymer-enhanced ultrafiltration (PEUF) technique. A solution of SA in nitric acid was used both as an electrolytic medium during the voltammetric measurements and bulk electrolysis and as an extracting agent during the PEUF technique. The electroanalysis of Cr(VI) was performed by linear sweep voltammetry in the presence of acidic SA solution to study its voltammetric behavior as a function of the Cr(VI) concentration, pH, presence of Cr(III), SA concentration and scan rate. In addition, the quantitative reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) was studied through the bulk electrolysis technique.The results showed efficient reduction with well-defined peaks at approximately 0.3 V vs. Ag/AgCl, using a gold working electrode. As the pH increased, the reduction signal strongly decreased until its disappearance. The optimum SA concentration was 10 mmol/L, and it was observed that the presence of Cr(III) did not interfere in the Cr(VI) electroanalysis. Through the quantitative reduction by bulk electrolysis in the presence of acidic SA solution, it was possible to reduce all Cr(VI) to Cr(III) followed by its removal via PEUF.     

纳米塑料聚苯乙烯对水中铅离子的吸附行为研究

纳米塑料作为一种新兴污染物在水中可长久稳定存在,其表面吸附的重金属对水环境产生了潜在危害.本文研究了纳米塑料聚苯乙烯微球在吸附时间、溶液pH、氯化钠溶液、锰离子、温度等不同实验条件下对铅离子的吸附行为.结果表明,粒径为400 nm的单分散聚苯乙烯微球可快速吸附铅离子,吸附平衡时间约为30 min,吸附率达到53.30%.聚苯乙烯微球对铅离子的吸附动力学符合伪一级动力学,吸附等温线遵循Freundlich模型,吸附过程主要为非线性吸附.随着溶液pH的增加,铅离子平衡吸附量增加,静电作用是影响铅离子在聚苯乙烯微球上吸附的关键因素.增加溶液盐浓度,微塑料发生聚集,比表面积减小,吸附位点减少,铅离子的吸附量显著降低,在3.5%氯化钠溶液中,纳米塑料对铅离子的吸附率仅为7.5%.与重金属锰离子共存,可促进聚苯乙烯微球对铅离子的吸附.升高温度,纳米塑料对铅离子的平衡吸附量增加.     

基于粗糙集理想解高陡边坡稳定性模糊评价*

为评价山区公路沿线高陡边坡稳定性,保障道路行车安全,基于代数表示的粗糙集理论和条件信息熵表示的粗糙集理论,结合理想解的思想重新定义各属性重要度的确定方式,提出新的适用于山区高陡边坡的权重确定方法,并建立高陡边坡稳定性评价体系,基于模糊理论以某高速公路高陡边坡工程为研究背景,建立山区高陡边坡模糊稳定性评价模型,对边坡稳定性进行评价。研究结果表明:隶属度最大值为0.397,对应边坡稳定状态为“极不稳定”,与实际情况基本一致,验证该权重方法客观、准确,为更好评判山区公路沿线高陡边坡稳定性提出新的方法。     

面向设计的地铁车站防火安全韧性评价*

为提升地铁车站防火安全韧性,以设计方案为切入视角,基于防火安全韧性的吸收、抵抗、恢复和适应能力4个维度,构建基于ANP-熵权法面向设计的地铁防火安全韧性评价指标体系,运用逼近理想解法建立地铁车站防火安全韧性设计评价模型,通过3个已建地铁车站（青岛、沈阳、福州某地铁车站）的设计案例验证该模型的有效性和可行性。研究结果表明:3个应用案例中,沈阳某地铁车站设计防火安全韧性最高,福州某地铁车站设计防火安全韧性最低,需进一步提升防火安全能力。评价结果与各案例的实际运行阶段基本吻合,研究思路和结果对改善地铁车站的防火安全设计具有一定参考意义。     

Analytical solutions of three-dimensional contaminant transport in uniform flow field in porous media: A library

The purpose of this study is to present a library of analytical solutions for the three-dimensional contaminant transport in uniform flow field in porous media with the first-order decay, linear sorption, and zero-order production. The library is constructed using Green’s function method (GFM) in combination with available solutions. The library covers a wide range of solutions for various conditions. The aquifer can be vertically finite, semi-infinitive or infinitive, and laterally semi-infinitive or infinitive. The geometry of the sources can be of point, line, plane or volumetric body; and the source release can be continuous, instantaneous, or by following a given function over time. Dimensionless forms of the solutions are also proposed. A computer code FlowCAS is developed to calculate the solutions. Calculated results demonstrate the correctness of the presented solutions. The library is widely applicable to solve contaminant transport problems of one- or multiple- dimensions in uniform flow fields.