低能N+离子注入Spj0104菌株的诱变选育研究

利用低能N 离子注入对Spj0104菌株进行诱变育种,作了多梯度能量和剂量实验,通过对注入后诱变菌株的摇瓶发酵检测,得出适合的能量为30 KeV,剂量为6.0×1015ions/cm2.在合适的能量和剂量基础上对能量、剂量、脉冲和间隔时间进行了正交实验,确定出最佳注入条件为能量20 KeV,剂量4.0×1015ions/cm2,脉冲时间15 s,间隔时间15 s.并在此条件下对一次离子注入后获得的优良菌株Spi03做了二次离子诱变,筛选到一株菌株酶活较出发菌株提高了174.98%的高产菌株Sp208.图2,表5,参8.     

Novel mutations in the human CYP21 gene

The great majority of genetic defects underlying steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency appear to result from intergenic recombinations between the homologous CYP21 and CYP21P genes. For a minority, novel sporadic point mutations have been detected. De novo mutations in CYP21 have also been reported, but only a few studies have systematically screened their occurrence. We here describe a population-based patient sample in order to estimate the rate of single-family (i.e. sporadic) and de novo germline mutations in the human CYP21 locus. Among 76 Finnish families were observed three single-family mutations and two de novo mutations in CYP21. The rates obtained, ∼5% and ∼2% for novel and de novo mutations, respectively, indicate that they are not rare and that their occurrence should not be ignored in genetic diagnostics of this disorder. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于蝴蝶型突变理论的安全生产保障系统分析和探讨

利用突变理论探讨事故致因模型,揭示事故致因的基本要素及其内在联系,对构成的要素进行抽象化,将对众多复杂企业的不安全因素进一步归纳为"人-机-环境-管理"安全生产保障系统,分析建立该系统的必要性,在突变理论的蝴蝶型与该系统结合性的基础上,探讨和建立安全决策和安全对策模型,将企业的安全生产危险程度分为理想的安全区域、危险区域、相对的安全区域。提出了危险程度和安全状况改进的数学模型,蝴蝶型突变理论能够揭示企业的安全状况。     

高效石油降解菌的选育及其降解特性研究

从石油化工厂附近的污染土壤中分离到三株石油降解菌w1、w2和w3,经鉴定分别是不动杆菌属、芽孢杆菌属和假单胞菌属。初步研究了菌株的生长特性与其降解石油能力的关系,并将w1和w2进行紫外诱变得到诱变菌yw1和yw2。对诱变前后的菌株进行石油降解实验,结果表明,诱变前的菌株在原油浓度为4000mg/L培养液中培养10d,原油的降解率分别为74.34%和77.58%。而诱变菌株10d降解率达到了79.9%和87.3%。同时,诱变菌株还大大提高了对高浓度石油的耐受能力。     

Genotoxic potential of organic extracts from municipal reclaimed water in Tianjin,China

Despite increasing pressure to make more efficient use of water resources, the widespread use of reclaimed water still remains a contentious issue, primarily because of risks to human health arising from water pollution by organic compounds. Therefore, safety evaluation of reclaimed water is an urgent need. The aim of this study was to determine the genotoxic potential of reclaimed water during low and high water periods. Reverse phase C-18 solid-phase extraction (RP-C18SPE) was used for the extraction of organic compounds from water samples. The tests, namely, Ames, micronucleus and chromosome aberrations were used to determine the damage caused by water samples on genetic material. Ames tests showed that both influent and effluent reclaimed water, except influent after metabolism by S9 in high water period, induced mutation of TA98 and TA100 strains of Salmonella typhimurium in a concentration-response manner. There were no significant differences in micronucleus and chromosome aberration tests. Even after treatment, reclaimed water in Tianjin still showed mutational effects and new strategies for reduction of genotoxins need to be considered.     

磺胺和四环素类抗生素对大肠杆菌联合突变效应的研究

抗生素的滥用造成的环境安全问题已不可忽视,关于抗生素联合毒性效应研究较多,但联合突变效应研究较少。因此,本文以大肠杆菌为受试生物,研究了2种磺胺类抗生素(磺胺氯哒嗪(SCP)、磺胺二甲嘧啶(SMZ))和3种四环素类抗生素(二甲胺四环素(MH)、盐酸四环素(TH)和盐酸强力霉素(DH))单一及联合暴露时对大肠杆菌的突变效应。结果表明:在单一暴露下,磺胺类抗生素会促进大肠杆菌的突变效应,四环素类抗生素没有明显的促进作用;联合暴露下,磺胺类抗生素对大肠杆菌突变效应为相加,磺胺和四环素类抗生素对大肠杆菌突变效应为拮抗。本研究初步探索了抗生素对大肠杆菌的联合致突变风险,为今后环境中抗生素混合暴露的生态风险评价和抗生素污染控制标准制定提供一种理论支撑。     

漆酶降解阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺/聚丙烯酸酯活性的理性设计

为探究漆酶降解聚丙烯酸酯（PAA）/阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺（HPAM）的微观机理,采用对接模拟了其结构模型与枯草芽孢杆菌漆酶（B. subtilis laccase）的结合.根据-CDOCKER_Energy score打分最高的原则,对获得的最佳结合构象进行分析.然后基于亲和力虚拟氨基酸突变进行丙氨酸（ALA）扫描和饱和突变.结合模式分析表明,HPAM比PAA可更深地埋入活性口袋,B. subtilis laccase对HPAM的亲和力和结合能皆高于PAA.相互作用分析表明,疏水相互作用可能对B. subtilis laccase与底物的结合起到促进作用,而氢键作用会阻碍该酶与底物的结合.通过ALA扫描进一步得知,ARG487、GLY486和TYR133是B. subtilis laccase降解HPAM的关键氨基酸残基,而ASP113和TYR133是B. subtilis laccase降解PAA的关键氨基酸残基.通过饱和突变表明,ASP113>ARG可以提高B. subtilis laccase降解PAA的活性,这些数据为理性设计增强活性的B. subtilis laccase突变体提供了理论参考.     

磁处理水对蚕豆根尖细胞的遗传学效应

利用蚕豆根尖细胞微核测试技术研究了磁化水（4200GS）对蚕豆根尖细胞的微核率、有丝分裂指数、染色体桥率、不正常细胞率等遗传学指标的影响,目的是探讨磁处理水对生物体的遗传学效应,结果发现上述指标均有所上升,其中微核率和不正常细胞率上升显著,并且其大小与水在磁场中处理的时间长短有关,提示磁处理水（4200GS）有一定的遗传学毒性