煤矿事故中“安全流变-突变论”的研究

“安全流变－ 突变论”是安全科学理论的一个新内容。通过用此理论,对煤矿几类典型的事故分析和综合,进一步认识事故发生、发展以及结束的机理,获得与事故密切联系的几个关键状态点,由这些状态点可以预测、预报事故。     

PTA高效降解菌制备与PTA废水生物处理研究

筛选出了4株对苯二甲酸(TA)的高效降解菌,利用诱变技术,使菌种的DNA结构发生突变,提高了菌种降解性能,并对优化后的菌种进行固定化包埋,形成高效菌对苯二甲酸(PTA)废水生物处理技术,处理负荷达到5kgCOD/m3·d以上。     

纤维素高效降解菌NU-H的诱变选育及降解特性

以草酸青霉(Penicillium oxalicum)D1为出发菌株,经过紫外线、亚硝酸以及紫外与亚硝酸复合诱变处理,选育出1株高产纤维素酶突变株NU-H,与出发菌株相比,CMCase酶活提高69.8%,滤纸酶活提高75.28%,另外木聚糖酶活,还原糖得率也有显著地提高。通过单因子及正交实验,研究了突变株纤维素酶对稻草粉水解的最适宜条件。结果表明,该菌株酶解糖化的最佳条件为:温度50℃,时间28 h,纤维素酶浓度为60%,底物浓度3%,pH 4.8,还原糖得率为23.25%。     

从HPRT和CD59基因的变化研究石英（MQZ）的诱变效应

通过用３１，６２．５，１２５和２５０μｇ／ｍＬ的ＭＱＺ剂量处理人与中国仓鼠杂交ＡＬ细胞２４ｈ，探讨石英对细胞生长、存活和突变效应。研究发现，细胞对ＭＱＺ微粒的吞噬作用随着处理剂量的增加而增大。吞噬的ＭＱＺ微粒多位于细胞质中。细胞的存活率与处理剂量成正比。基因突变率研究显示，ＭＱＺ的致突变效应并不强，对于ＨＰＲＴ基因位点，其最高处理剂量（ρ＝５００μｇ／ｍＬ）的基因突变率略高于４Ｇｙ的γ射线的突变频     

Species-Specific Features of Inter- and Intrapopulation Variation in the Level of Chromosome Instability in Rodents

Studies on the common vole Microtus arvalis revealed a distinct cytogenetic response to the influence of ionizing radiation, a wide range of variation in the group average indices of chromosome instability beyond the zone of technogenic impact, and the influence of natural factors (viral infections and fluctuations of population size) on the frequency of chromosome aberrations. In the northern mole vole Ellobius talpinus, neither the mutagenic effect of ionizing radiation nor interpopulation differences in the level of chromosome aberrations in the absence of anthropogenic impact were detected. Variation of genome instability of the rodents is significantly contributed to by species demography and population cycles.     

紫外诱变优势菌处理含氯废水

采用紫外诱变技术选育高效降解菌，对未诱变菌和６株诱变菌进行含氯废水的降解性能实验。结果表明：紫外诱变的最佳时间是４０ｓ；变异优势菌４＾＃菌株对含氯废水的ＣＯＤＣｒ和ＴＣ１（总氯）的去除率比未诱变优势菌０＾＃菌株分别提高１０％和２０％；变异菌菌株生长速度快，抗有机氯毒性大大提高。     

Mid–trimester hyperechogenic bowel in a fetus of Japanese origin carrying a new mutation of CFTR gene (L548Q)

We present a case of a fetus with hyperechogenic bowel, in which the L548Q mutation was detected in the mother of Japanese origin and the ΔF508 mutation in the father of Caucasian origin. The fetus proved to be compound heterozygous. Research into cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) mutations in this case was triggered by the fact that the fetus had a characteristic hyperechogenic bowel image with normal karyotype and no indications of intrauterine infections. Hyperechogenic bowel is highly indicative of a CFTR gene mutation. The incidence of cystic fibrosis (CF) in fetuses with mid-trimester hyperechogenic bowel is 5%, but once the most frequent mutations have been accounted for, rarer mutations must be investigated. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.