Effect of Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) and Polyethylene on the Growth of Red Pepper and Tomato

Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and polyethylene (PE) were blended with a soil for cultivation, and their effects were investigated on the growth behavior of red pepper and tomato by examining the stems, the leaves, and the roots. PVA retarded the growth of red pepper significantly even at a concentration as low as 0.05%. The roots were depauperated more than the stems and the leaves. Tomato was also affected by PVA but to a lesser extent than red pepper. In contrast, the presence of both round pieces (10 mm diameter) of PE film and powdery PE influenced negligibly the growth of red pepper as well as that of tomato up to 35 wt% in soil.     

Sources of methacrolein and methyl vinyl ketone and their contributions to methylglyoxal and formaldehyde at a receptor site in Pearl River Delta

Methacrolein(MACR) and methyl vinyl ketone(MVK) are two major intermediate products from the photochemical oxidation of isoprene, the most important biogenic volatile organic compound. In addition, MACR and MVK have primary emissions. Investigating the sources and evolution of MACR and MVK could provide helpful information for the oxidative capacity of the atmosphere. In this study, hourly measurements of isoprene, MACR, and MVK were conducted at a receptor site in the Pearl River Delta region(PRD), i.e., the Heshan site(HS), from 22 October to 20 November, 2014. The average mixing ratios of isoprene,MACR and MVK were 151 ± 17, 91 ± 6 and 79 ± 6 pptv, respectively. The daily variations and the ratios of MVK/MACR during daytime and nighttime suggested that other sources besides isoprene photooxidation influenced the MACR and MVK abundances at the HS.Positive matrix factorization was utilized to resolve the sources of MACR and MVK. Five sources were identified and quantified, including biogenic emissions, biomass burning,secondary formation, diesel, and gasoline vehicular emissions. Among them, secondary formation made the greatest contribution to observed MACR and MVK with average contributions of ～ 45% and ～ 70%, respectively. Through the yields of secondary products from the oxidation of MACR and MVK by the OH radical and the concentrations of MACR and MVK, it was found that methylglyoxal and formaldehyde were the main oxidation products of MACR and MVK at the HS site. Overall, this study evaluated the roles of primary emissions on ambient levels of MACR and MVK and advanced the understanding of photochemical oxidation of MACR and MVK in the PRD.     

丙烯腈共聚物超滤膜的研究

本文以丙烯腈，乙酸乙烯酯，乙烯基吡啶等三元共聚物为材料，研究了制备平板超滤膜各主要参数对成膜性能的影响并初步纺制了中空纤维膜。     

聚氯乙烯(PVC)水解脱氯的研究

采用高压反应釜，在过热水条件下对PVC脱氯过程进行研究，结果表明，水解工艺可以有效地脱除PVC中的氯，并就工艺条件对脱氯效果的影响进行讨论，适宜的工艺条件为：反应温度220℃，反应时间2h，初始压力3.0MPa，碱浓度4%。     

基于VSP2的引发剂质量分数对醋酸乙烯聚合反应失控特性及安全泄放设计影响研究

为了解决醋酸乙烯聚合反应失控所引起的超压问题,通过VSP2绝热量热仪研究了醋酸乙烯聚合反应的失控特性,并通过Leung's法对某醋酸乙烯聚合反应器的安全泄放面积进行了计算;然后,在其他条件不变的情况下,研究引发剂质量分数对失控特性和泄放面积的影响,结果表明,引发剂质量分数对反应总放热量的影响不大,体系绝热温升为105~115℃;但引发剂质量分数越大,失控反应的最大温升速率和最大压升速率越大。这是因为引发剂质量分数越大,在相同泄放压力和最大累积压力下,单位质量反应物的放热速率就越大,也就需要更大的泄放面积;最后,引入无量纲数W~*、G~*和A~*,拟合出它们与引发剂质量分数X*的关系式,结果表明,在研究范围内所需安全泄放面积随引发剂质量分数线性增大。     

A rapidly equilibrating, thin film, passive water sampler for organic contaminants; characterization and field testing

Improving methods for assessing the spatial and temporal resolution of organic compound concentrations in marine environments is important to the sustainable management of our coastal systems. Here we evaluate the use of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) as a candidate polymer for thin-film passive sampling in waters of marine environments. Log K_EVA−W partition coefficients correlate well (r² = 0.87) with Log K_OW values for selected pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) where Log K_EVA−W = 1.04 Log K_OW + 0.22. EVA is a suitable polymer for passive sampling due to both its high affinity for organic compounds and its ease of coating at sub-micron film thicknesses on various substrates. Twelve-day field deployments were effective in detecting target compounds with good precision making EVA a potential multi-media fugacity meter.     

Enzyme-Based Vinyl Polymerization

In vitro enzyme-mediated polymerization of vinyl monomers is reviewed. Oxidoreductase enzymes have been used for the polymerization of styrene, derivatives of styrene, acrylates, and acrylamide in water and water-miscible co-solvents. Kinetic and mechanistic studies revealed that a ternary system (horseradish peroxidase, H₂O₂, initiator, or -diketone) is required for efficient polymerization and the initiator controls the polymer characteristics.     

我国氯碱行业环保技术工艺对比分析

近年我国电石法聚氯乙烯发展迅速,多项技术取得重大突破。氯碱企业经过多年探索和实践,已将干法乙炔、膜法＋冷冻脱硝等先进工艺成功应用于生产实践中,并取得一定的经济和环境效益,本文对我国近期氯碱行业中主要环保工艺进行经济、技术比选。     

高比表面积极性吸附树脂的制备及其对硝基苯吸附性能的研究

对聚氯甲基苯乙烯-二乙烯基苯树脂进行羟基修饰,制得羟基修饰的超高交联吸附树脂,探讨了修饰单体的加入量对硝基苯吸附量的影响.结合吸附热力学特点,对硝基苯在两种树脂上吸附过程的吸附焓变、自由能变、吸附熵变进行了理论计算,并对吸附行为进行了合理的解释.通过对硝基苯在吸附树脂上293 K、303 K和313 K温度下的吸附等温...     

利用废旧电子元件粉末/PVC制备复合材料

利用电子废弃物中非金属材料/聚氯乙烯(PVC)制备复合材料,考察了流变仪温度、转速.液压机压力、温度、废旧电子元件目数等对复合材料力学性能的影响.结果表明,废旧电子元件粉末添加量为70%时,目数为120目,流变仪加工温度为205 ℃,转速为45 r/min,液压机液压温度为185 ℃,压力为15 MPa时,制得复合材料...