民用飞机客舱个人通风喷嘴布置研究

目的 获得民用飞机客舱个人通风喷嘴的最佳布置方案.方法 针对下拉式行李箱的客舱布局,建立单排客舱个人通风的k-ε模型,使用ICEM CFD进行网格划分.梳理并分析国内外个人通风的标准手册,将人体头部高度处的风速大于1 m/s作为设计指标.提出2种喷嘴布置方案——分散布置和集中排列布置,设计5种工况,运用FLUENT软件进行数值计算.结果 分散布置方案,第一种工况下,头部最大风速仅0.39 m/s;第二种工况下,仅中间位置乘客能获得1 m/s以上的风速,两边的乘客基本无吹风.集中排列方案,第三种工况下,头部最大风速为0.9 m/s;第四种工况下,乘客1头部最高风速只能达到0.52 m/s.在个人通风量不变的前提下,工况5将喷嘴口径缩小为20 mm,乘客1头部处风速可达1.09 m/s.结论 作为民用飞机客舱内主通风系统的辅助调节手段,个人通风系统可以减轻乘客的闷热感,对于安装了下拉式行李箱的客舱,因其PSU空间狭小,导致喷嘴布置较为困难.根据计算结果,分散布置方式无法满足左右两侧乘客的需求.在喷嘴口径缩小为20 mm后,集中排列方式能满足所有乘客的需求,目前该方案已应用于某型民机客舱的个人通风系统.     

基于ADAMS的转膛机构滑板优化分析

目的设计一种合适的滑板曲线槽,以提高转膛体稳定性。方法应用凸轮机构运动原理,以滑板为主动件,转膛体滚轮为从动件,通过类比不同类型的曲线槽,对比其加速度、速度变化规律,选择加速度无突变、没有刚性冲击及柔性冲击的五次多项式运动规律进行设计。在三维软件中绘制好三维模型后,对其进行运动学仿真分析,对比转膛体滚轮在传统曲线槽与该种曲线槽约束下转膛体的运动稳定性。结果滑板曲线槽在运用五次多项式运动规律进行设计后,转膛体的运动稳定性得以提升,其中,角速度峰值由1479.76 (°)/s降到了1023.70 (°)/s,降低了30.82%;角加速度峰值由3.3×105 (°)/s降到了1.58×105 (°)/s,降低了52.12%。结论应用五次多项式运动规律的曲线槽对提高转膛体运动稳定性有明显作用,为滑板的设计提供了参考。     

动态载荷作用下大型复杂结构的振动疲劳分析方法综述

首先从目前存在的疲劳损伤现象拓展到工程各行业中服役结构的疲劳损伤情况,分析了振动疲劳损伤作用机理,并论述了振动疲劳研究的意义,阐述了振动疲劳的定义,其次分析了振动疲劳分析方法的国内外发展情况及研究现状。此外,通过对振动疲劳研究相关文献的梳理,总结出一些振动疲劳时域与频域方面的研究方法,并分析了各方法的优缺点。最后,根据在振动疲劳研究目前存在的一些问题,归纳出未来的研究发展方向。     

管流式冲刷腐蚀实验装置的设计及性能试验

研究腐蚀因素对管道内壁腐蚀机理与腐蚀行为的影响,为加速管道内壁腐蚀,自主设计一种管流式冲刷腐蚀实验装置。该装置属于机电一体化产品,包括总体结构设计、控制系统硬件设计和软件设计,其中控制系统PLC为中央处理器,触摸屏为人机控制界面,并对腐蚀因素温度和流速进行调控。另外,对装置进行性能试验。结果显示,温度的控制精度可达到-0.5～+0.8℃,流速的控制精度可达到±0.01 m/s。该装置运行可靠,测试范围较广,装置性能较好,为管道冲刷腐蚀研究奠定实验基础。     

电风扇的环境可靠性设计及实现

电风扇是炎热天气重要的电器,传统电风扇功能单一,容易引起风湿、感冒等不良症状,本文利用模糊控制技术设计了一种智能电风扇,能够根据人的状态、和环境温度自动调整电风扇,给人最佳享受。具有自主、节能、投资少等特点。     

大型复杂电子系统开展“五性”一体化设计的必要性

本文首先对大型复杂电子系统的特点及"五性"一体化设计的思想进行了阐述,进而结合工程实际,分析了当前"五性"设计存在的问题,提出开展"五性"一体化设计是解决上述问题的根本出路,并提出了相应建议措施,对如何建立"五性"指标体系、综合设计模型、"五性"一体化信息平台进行了一定的阐述。     

焊接车间烟尘治理系统探讨

众多中小加工企业生产车间在焊接作业过程中会产生大量焊接烟尘等有毒物质,对焊接工人的身体健康造成严重危害,由此产生的电焊工尘肺职业病呈多发趋势,同时焊接烟尘还会影响厂区周边的大气环境。根据整个焊接车间中焊接设备加工情况及通风状况的分析及现场实际应用,研究设计出适合该场合的烟尘治理系统。     

梯级水库设计洪水地区组成研究中的JC法

工程上分析设计洪水地区组成时，希望能够求得最不利情况与最可能情况的权衡点，然而按照现行规范中提出的方法却难以达到这一目的，尤其对于梯级水库。引入JC法进行了梯级洪水地区组成研究，直接寻求最不利的洪水组成情况，该法还可定量计算设计洪水风险，为现行洪水地区组成方案研究提供了新思路和新方法。     

Optimal design of rainwater collecting systems for domestic use into a residential development

This paper proposes an optimization-based approach for designing rainwater harvesting systems for domestic use in a residential development. The optimization model accounts for the implementation of rainwater harvesting devices, pipes and reservoirs for the optimal sitting, collecting, storing and distribution of harvested rainwater. The optimization model consists in satisfying the water domestic demands and considers as objective function the minimization of the total annual cost associated to the fresh water, the capital costs for the catchment areas, storages and pumps, and the cost associated to the pumping, maintenance and treatment. A case study for a residential development in Morelia, Mexico is presented. The city of Morelia is characterized for having complications to satisfy the water demands, especially during dry seasons. The application of the proposed optimization approach shows that it is possible to satisfy a significant percentage of the domestic water demands using a harvesting rainwater system decreasing the associated cost in the time horizon. Several scenarios have been presented to show the potential solutions identified in the case study.     

Formulation,calibration, and validation of hybrid and coupled models for the design of upflow anaerobic filters in multiple separated stages for organic matter removal from sanitary landfill leachates

In this paper, the formulation, calibration, and validation of hybrid and coupled models for the design of upflow anaerobic filters in multiple separated stages were developed for organic matter removal from sanitary landfill leachates. Three novelties were presented, the type of reactor, design models, and kinetic coefficients. The upflow anaerobic filters were separated into two and three stages identified as UAF-2SS (DI-FAFS, in Spanish) and UAF-3SS (TRI-FAFS, in Spanish). The formulation, calibration, and validation of mathematical structures of hybrid models and five coupled models are proposed for each reactor. The hybrid models are based on the law of mass conservation, with the organic matter transformation component within the UAF-2SS and UAF-3SS reactors, being estimated from empirical equations that have been tested in aerobic culture reactors, adapted to the experimental factors, including among these, those under a non-stationary—advective conditions based on Velz's Law, Phelps's Law, and Monod's equation. The coupled models combine the components of the molecular transport by biosorption and molecular diffusion processes, with adaptations of the Stack's equation and Fick's Law, as well as transformation of organic substrates by biomass, whose kinetic coefficients contribute to explain the fraction, in which, the processes of mobility and biochemical transformation of the organic matter are occurring in the biomass within the bioreactors.