固定源排气中氮氧化物的测定

由于没有单独测定二氧化氮的方法标准、二氧化氮标准气体和测定二氧化氮便携式(电化学传感器)仪器标准,目前不能利用标准气体评价二氧化氮便携式(电化学传感器)仪器的性能;但是,可采用将NO2还原成NO后用化学发光法、非分散红外线法或电化学传感器法测定氮氧化物。     

长期定位施用牛粪对夏玉米-冬小麦体系农田N2O和NO排放的影响

利用静态暗箱法对关中平原27 a长期定位施肥农田氧化亚氮(N_2O)和一氧化氮(NO)排放通量进行周年(2017年6月到2018年6月)观测,目的是阐明N_2O和NO的排放特征及其影响因子,定量评估施用牛粪对气体排放的影响.田间试验采用随机区组试验设计,设置3种处理.对照(CK)处理全年不施肥.全化肥(NPK)和化肥加牛粪(NPKM)处理全年施氮(N)量为353 kg·hm~(-2),其中夏玉米季为188 kg·hm~(-2),均为尿素N;冬小麦季为165 kg·hm~(-2),NPK处理全部为尿素N,而NPKM处理尿素N与牛粪N的比例为3∶7.结果表明,CK处理气体排放通量较低且无明显季节变化,NPK和NPKM处理气体排放高峰主要与施肥和灌溉有关,N_2O和NO排放最高峰值分别为103. 0 g·( hm~2·d)~(-1)和71. 0 g·( hm~2·d)~(-1),均出现在NPKM处理玉米季.当土壤温度高于20℃时,NPK和NPKM中NO/N_2O比均与土壤充水孔隙度呈显著负相关关系(P 0. 01),说明土壤温度和水分含量共同影响气体排放.各处理N_2O年排放量分别为0. 21、2. 32和2. 15 kg·hm~(-2),NPK与NPKM处理间差异不显著(P=0. 74); NO年排放量分别为0. 23、0. 80和1. 46 kg·hm~(-2),NPK和NPKM处理间差异显著(P 0. 05).说明长期施用牛粪对N_2O排放无影响,但可显著增加NO排放.     

水体中亚硝酸盐的光降解

一定浓度的亚硝酸盐溶液经太阳光模拟器照射一定时间后,观测溶液中亚硝酸盐的含量变化.改变溶液条件（介质、pH）和光照条件（时间、光强）等实验条件,同时进行黑暗对照实验,探求影响亚硝酸盐光解的因素和规律.结果表明,在光照的8 h内,时间越长亚硝酸盐的降解率越大,基本符合一级反应动力学曲线;光照强度越大亚硝酸盐的降解程度越大...     

Cu-ZSM-5/堇青石催化剂上同时消除烃和NO的研究

利用水热合成技术在堇青石蜂窝陶瓷载体上原位合成分子筛,分别通过离子交换法和浸渍法制备了整体式Cu-ZSM-5/堇青石催化剂,以丙烷为还原剂,在模拟柴油机尾气系统中评价了两类催化剂消除烃和NO的性能.结果表明,晶化时间48 h时,原位合成的ZSM-5/堇青石催化剂载体表面有形状规则的ZSM-5晶核生成,且具有较好的牢固度...     

Ru/ZrO2催化剂高温焙烧对NO催化氧化反应性能的影响

采用浸渍法制备了一系列负载Ru催化剂,并将其应用于NO催化氧化反应.同时,对Ru/ZrO2样品在不同温度下进行焙烧处理,并通过X-射线衍射(XRD)、程序升温还原(TPR)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)等技术对不同温度焙烧的Ru/ZrO2进行表征,根据表征结果对导致Ru/ZrO2催化活性下降的原因进行了探讨.结果表明,Ru/ZrO2催化剂具有很好的催化活性,在空速为180000h-1条件下,275℃时即可获得93%的NO转化率.高温焙烧会导致Ru/ZrO2催化活性明显下降.     

Simultaneous oxidation of NO, SO2 and Hg0 from flue gas by pulsed corona discharge

A process capable of oxidizing NO, SO2 and Hg0 was proposed simultaneously, which utilized a high-voltage and short-duration positive pulsed corona discharge. By focusing on NO, SO2, and Hg0 oxidation efficiencies, the influences of pulse peak voltage, pulse frequency, initial concentration, electrode number, residence time and water vapor addition were investigated. The results indicate that NO, SO2 and Hg0 oxidation efficiencies depend primarily on the radicals (OH, HO2, O) and the active species (O3, H2O2), etc. produced by the pulsed corona discharge. The NO, SO2 and Hg0 oxidation efficiencies improved as increasing pulse peak voltage, pulse frequency, electrode number and residence time, while they are reduced with an increasing initial concentration. By adding water vapor, SO2 oxidation efficiency is improved remarkably, while NO oxidation efficiency is decreased slightly. In our experiments, the simultaneous NO, SO2, and Hg0 oxidation efficiencies reached to 40%, 98% and 55% with the initial concentrations 479 mg/m3, 1040 mg/m3, and 15.0 ug/m3, respectively.     

Estimation and comparison of night-time OH levels in the UK urban atmosphere using two di erent analysis methods

Night-time OH levels have been determined for UK urban surface environments using two methods, the decay and steady state approximation methods. Measurement data from the UK National Environmental Technology Centre archive for four urban sites (Bristol, Harwell, London Eltham and Edinburgh) over the time period of 1996 to 2000 have been used in this study. Three reactive alkenes, namely isoprene, 1,3-butadiene and trans-2-pentene were chosen for the calculation of OH levels by the decay method. Hourly measurements of NO, NO2, O3, CO and 20 VOCs were used to determine night-time OH level using the steady state approximation method. Our results showed that the night-time OH levels were in the range of 1 105–1 106 molecules/cm3 at these four urban sites in the UK. The application of a t-test of these analyses indicated that except Bristol, there was no significant di erence between the OH levels found from the decay and steady state approximation methods. Night-time levels of the OH radical appeared to peak in summer and spring time tracking the night-time O3 levels which also passed through a maximum at this time.     

脱硝装置气体管道危险性研究

本项目根据烟气脱硝装置工艺特点,设计并搭建了臭氧腐蚀性测试装置和臭氧自燃点测试装置。利用搭建的测试装置开展了铁粉、碳粉自燃特性研究和吸收塔内非金属材料的腐蚀性研究。通过试验研究确定了铁粉和碳粉在臭氧环境下的自燃特性,同时利用光学显微镜对非金属材质腐蚀前后的表面形貌进行了表征,确定了臭氧对非金属材质的腐蚀特性。通过理论计算和试验研究确定了纯氧管道和含有一定浓度臭氧的氧气管道的工艺危险性。根据脱硝装置气体管道的研究成果给出了合理化建议。     

改性钒基整体式催化剂的制备及其对燃煤烟气中甲苯与一氧化氮的同步去除性能

采用工业上简易可行的单组分浸渍法和多组分浸渍法制备了一系列Cu/Fe/Mo改性的钒钛基整体式催化剂,考察了不同整体式催化剂制备工艺及浸渍液浓度对催化剂在模拟燃煤烟气中对甲苯和NO同步去除的性能,并优选出适应燃煤烟气的改性催化剂制备工艺及配方.结果表明,使用单组分浸渍法制备的浸渍液浓度为0.5%的Fe改性钒钛基整体式催化剂具有最优的活性和选择性,在350℃下对甲苯和NO的转化率分别达到99%和94.9%,对CO_x和N₂的选择性分别为88%和96.4%,XRD和SEM-EDS-Mapping结果表明,改性组分（Cu/Fe/Mo）均匀分散在钒基整体式催化剂表面,Fe改性材料具有最大的比表面积和孔容,因而可提高甲苯和NO的同步脱除性能.     

Mn-Ce/Ti-Zr-柱撑膨润土催化剂低温选择性催化还原法脱硝

以改性的有机膨润土为原料,制备Ti、Zr共柱撑有机膨润土(Ti-Zr-OPILC),并通过浸渍法负载Mn、Ce,制备得催化剂Mn-Ce/Ti-Zr-OPILC,运用XRD、BET分析了催化剂的物理化学特性,并考察了催化剂对NO低温选择性催化还原反应的催化活性.实验结果表明:催化剂的比表面积得到很大提高,Mn和Ce在载体上分散性较好;在反应温度为220℃、体积空速为40 000 h-1、n(NH3)∶n(NO)为1、初始NO体积分数为0.06％、O2体积分数为3.6％时,对NO去除率高达95％以上.