Upper Yellow River air concentrations of organochlorine pesticides estimated from tree bark, and their relationship with socioeconomic indices

Organochlorine pesticide(OCP) concentrations in tree bark from the upper Yellow River region were determined. Total OCP concentrations ranged from 2.7 to 82 ng/g dw, with a mean of 20 ng/g dw. Concentrations of total(Σ) DDTs(0.49–37 ng/g dw), HCHs(0.55–4.5 ng/g dw), and HCB(0.1–1.0 ng/g dw) were much higher than the other OCPs and accounted for 89% of the ΣOCP concentrations. p,p′-DDT was the dominant member of the DDT pesticide group and-HCH was the dominant HCH isomer. The p,p′-DDT/p,p′-DDE and-HCH/-HCH ratios suggested that there were recent DDT and-HCH releases. OCP concentrations in the air were estimated from the tree bark, and the estimated median ΣDDTs, ΣHCHs, and HCB concentrations in the air were 0.09, 0.14, and 0.024 pg/m3, respectively. The relationship between total OCP concentrations and socioeconomic and natural environment indices were assessed using multiple linear regression analysis, and a regression equation including all these factors was obtained. Population density and tertiary industry were the two dominant factors that appeared to affect OCP concentrations in the upper Yellow River region.     

博鳌近岸海域表层沉积物中持久性有机污染物的分布、来源与生态风险评价

环境中的持久性有机污染物(POPs)具有持久性、生物蓄积性、致畸、致癌和致突变等特点,低剂量POPs长期暴露也会对海洋生态系统及人类自身造成一定影响.为了解博鳌近岸海域表层沉积物中POPs的污染状况,采用气相色谱-质谱法分别分析了表层沉积物中多环芳烃(PAHs)、有机氯农药(OCPs)和多氯联苯(PCBs)这3种典型POPs的含量,讨论了POPs的分布和来源,并应用效应区间低/中值法(ERL/ERM)、平均效应区间中值商法(M-ERM-Q)和平均可能影响浓度商法(M-PEC-Q)这3种不同方法进行生态风险评价.结果表明,研究区内表层沉积物中∑PAHs、∑OCPs和∑PCBs含量(以干重计)分别为4.58～367.50、 3.99～175.30和ND～2.89 ng·g^-1,整体分布呈现出向海方向逐渐增加的趋势.POPs来源分析结果表明,研究区内PAHs的来源主要为木材和煤等的燃烧;OCPs中六六六类主要为林丹的输入,历史陆源输入已完全降解,滴滴涕类以传统DDTs类农药为主,且有持续的DDT输入;PCBs以五氯联苯为主,可能来源于航运过程中早期船体底部油漆的释放以及...     

氯苯类生产过程POPs污染风险点分析及环境管理建议

我国氯苯类生产过程中的二噁英类、五氯苯、六氯苯等非故意产生类持久性有机污染物对环境具有潜在风险。对具有典型工艺特征的氯苯类生产过程中关键节点的二噁英类进行了检测和分析,在残渣、残液、废水和副产品(多氯苯混合物)中发现高浓度二噁英类,主要成分为多氯代二苯并呋喃,推测可能与原料中呋喃类杂质有关。为践行我国《关于持久性有机污染物的斯德哥尔摩公约》的履约责任和控制二噁英类排放造成的环境风险,结合国内外相关管理制度提出了法规制度、监督管理、工艺改进、产品质控和废物处置等方面的环境管理建议。     

我国二恶英和多氯联苯的研究现状及对策分析

为了解二恶英(PCDD/Fs)和多氯联苯(PCBs)在中国的研究水平、研究能力和驱动力,本文对有关研究论文的数量、题材、内容、资助来源和研究机构进行了系统调查和分析。调查发现,国内相关研究尚处在起步阶段,研究的方向和重点还需要进一步调整,研究能力有限,研究机构间合作交流不充分。针对这些问题,提出了相应的对策建议。     

Gridded inventories of historical usage for selected organochlorine pesticides in Heilongjiang River Basin, China

Introduction O rganochlorine pesticides (O C Ps) is a com m on nam e of a group of pesticides consisting of benzene and chlorine. Som e of O C Ps belong to persistent organic pollutants (PO Ps) that are sem i-volatile, bioaccum ulative, persistent and toxic (V allack et al., 1998; Jones and de V oogt, 1999). O CPs are ubiquitous pollutants due to their long-range transport potential. These chem icals have even been found in rem ote areas like the A rctic (M acdonald etal., 2000; A M A …     

青藏高原纳木错流域持久性有机污染物的多介质迁移与归趋模拟

南亚排放的持久性有机污染物(POPs)可随大气传输到青藏高原,然而POPs在高原多介质间的迁移与分配尚不清晰。本研究利用三级逸度模型对4种POPs(六六六α-HCH,滴滴涕p,p'-DDT,菲Phe和苯并芘Ba P)在纳木错流域的迁移与归趋进行了模拟。结果表明,大气沉降是该区域污染物的主要输入过程,而降解损失则是主要的输出途径。就最终归趋而言,土壤是POPs在纳木错流域的重要储库,其存储了大于50%的POPs。此外,湖水和沉积物分别对α-HCH和PAHs具有较强的存储能力。灵敏度分析的结果表明,环境温度、大气中POPs的浓度及其理化性质是影响POPs在环境中分布的关键参数。本研究明确了纳木错流域不同POPs的迁移方向和归趋特征,这将为青藏高原生态安全评估提供科学依据。     

Distribution and ecotoxicological concerns of persistent organic pollutants in sediment from creek ecosystem

In order to study the distribution and ecotoxicological concerns of persistent organic pollutants, grab sediment samples were collected from different locations across Thane creek, India. Analyses of samples were carried out using gas chromatography (GC)–electron capture detector and GC–mass spectrometry techniques. In organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), DDT (1,1,1,-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl) ethane), DDE (1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl) ethylene), DDD (1-chloro-4-(2,2-dichloro-1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethyl) benzene) and α, β, and γ conformer of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), and 9 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) congeners were analyzed in surface sediment samples. Concentrations of these pollutants in grab sediment samples may indicate their current use and impact on marine ecosystem. Average concentrations of total DDT (including DDD and DDE), HCH, and Σ₉PCBs were found to be 4.9, 12.5, and 2.9 µg kg^?1(dry weight) respectively. High concentrations of OCPs and PCBs were found at discharge locations in creek compared to other locations. Location-wise distribution of OCPs and PCBs indicates their high concentrations at the waste water receiving point. Data were compared for ecotoxicological impacts based on the levels specified in the sediment quality standards of the US Environmental Protection Agency and the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment. γ-HCH was found to have maximum potential to induce ecotoxicological impacts.     

Perfluorinated and chlorinated pollutants as predictors of demographic parameters in an endangered seabird

Despite global occurrence of several perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) the potential ecological effects of such substances on natural populations are not known. In endangered lesser black-backed gulls (Larus fuscus fuscus) on the Norwegian Coast, the blood concentrations of PFCs were as high as legacy organochlorines (OCs), and here we examined whether PFCs show associations similar to those of OCs to factors potentially affecting population growth, by evaluating relationships between contaminant concentrations and demographic parameters (reproductive performance and the probability of adults returning between breeding seasons). PFCs were not adversely associated with demographic parameters, while the most persistent OCs; notably PCB and p,p′-DDE, were adversely associated with early chick survival, and adult return rate. This study thus suggests that when the concentrations of PFCs and OCs are of similar magnitude in a gull population, OCs are more likely to cause adverse ecological effects.