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601.
Impact of land use and land cover changes on the ambient temperature in a middle scale city, Takamatsu, in Southwest Japan 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Atsuko Nonomura Mutsuko Kitahara Takuro Masuda 《Journal of environmental management》2009,90(11):3297-3304
There is a lack of information on urban heat island impact on the thermal environment due to low populated urban sprawl, although densely populated urban sprawl impact has been identified by several researchers. The Takamatsu area has recently developed in a low populated urban sprawl style without any increase in population. This paper examined the impact of a low populated urban sprawl on the thermal environment through an analysis of the last 30 years data set and investigated the contribution of vegetation fraction and population density to the temperature trend. As a consequence, it was shown that one of the most significant causative factors of temperature increase is an expansion of non-vegetated area even without population growth. This result implied that vegetated zones should be maintained in urban areas in order to realize sustainable urbanization. 相似文献
602.
Wetland ecosystems are profoundly affected by altered nutrient and sediment loads received from anthropogenic activity in
their surrounding watersheds. Our objective was to compare a gradient of agricultural and urban land cover history during
the period from 1949 to 1997, with plant and soil nutrient concentrations in, and sediment deposition to, riparian wetlands
in a rapidly urbanizing landscape. We observed that recent agricultural land cover was associated with increases in Nitrogen
(N) and Phosphorus (P) concentrations in a native wetland plant species. Conversely, recent urban land cover appeared to alter
receiving wetland environmental conditions by increasing the relative availability of P versus N, as reflected in an invasive,
but not a native, plant species. In addition, increases in surface soil Fe content suggests recent inputs of terrestrial sediments
associated specifically with increasing urban land cover. The observed correlation between urban land cover and riparian wetland
plant tissue and surface soil nutrient concentrations and sediment deposition, suggest that urbanization specifically enhances
the suitability of riparian wetland habitats for the invasive species Japanese stiltgrass [Microstegium vimenium (Trinius) A. Camus]. 相似文献
603.
Spatial Distribution and Temporal Change of Carbon Storage in Timber Biomass of Two Different Forest Management Units 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Forests make up large ecosystems and can play an important role in mitigating the emissions of CO2, the most important greenhouse gas. However, they are sources of atmospheric carbon when they are disturbed by human or natural
causes. Storage of carbon through expansion and adaptive management of forest ecosystems can assist in reducing carbon concentrations
in atmosphere. This study proposes a methodology to produce spatially explicit estimates of the carbon storages (aboveground
plus belowground) depending on land use/cover changes in two different forest ecosystems during various periods. Carbon storages
for each forest ecosystem were projected according to inventory data, and carbon storages were mapped in a geographic information
system (GIS). Results showed that total carbon stored in above and belowground of both forest ecosystems increased from one
period to other because of especially increase of productive forest areas and decline of degraded forest areas as well as
protection of spruce forests subject to insect attacks. 相似文献
604.
605.
此文对工程铲车斗齿套的锻造成形方案进行了定性分析,详细地讨论了锻造成形楔形孔薄壁件的方法,并确定了合理的成形工艺、设备选择和工艺流程。此文作者的研究和实践对解决楔形孔薄壁件的锻造成形问题具有普遍的指导意义。 相似文献
606.
运用线性拟合法评定水中总磷的测量不确定度 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采用Top—Down不确定度评定理念,利用实验室日常质控数据,结合标准样品的线性校准方法(线性拟合法),评定水中总磷的测量不确定度,并将评定结果与GUM评定法相比较,相对偏差≤20%。指出线性拟合法适用于测量系统校准函数成线性,且实验总残差符合常数剩余标准差假定情况下的不确定度评定。 相似文献