海洋底栖硅藻-菌体系中酞酸二丁酯的降解

选择一株海洋底栖硅藻——新月柱鞘藻(Cylindrotheca closterium),研究了该藻、菌及藻-菌体系中酞酸二丁酯(DBP)的降解过程。结果表明,在藻-菌混合体系中,新月柱鞘藻的生长得到促进,而菌的生长受到抑制。各处理组中DBP的降解符合一级动力学方程,其降解速率常数k从大到小的体系为藻-菌(0.032 4 h-1)、藻(0.016 9 h-1)、菌(光暗,0.005 4 h-1)、菌(光照,0.004 2 h-1)。在藻-菌体系中,新月柱鞘藻对DBP的降解起主要作用。此外,新月柱鞘藻降解DBP的能力不仅大于菌,还远大于浮游藻类,新月柱鞘藻对近海酞酸酯类污染环境具有潜在的修复应用前景。     

超声萃取GC/MS法测定电子电气产品中12种邻苯二甲酸酯的含量

建立了超声萃取GC/MS法测定电子电气产品中12种邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂的方法。结果表明:该方法简单快速,灵敏度高,相对标准偏差小于10%,加标回收率为86%~109%;样品处理过程中采用化学毒性小的乙酸乙酯作为萃取溶剂,绿色环保。经过对多批次的各种电子电气产品中12种邻苯二甲酸酯分析测定,均得到满意结果。     

DEHP、DBP内分泌干扰活性的实验研究

利用MCF-7细胞增殖实验、细胞周期分析、细胞雌激素受体水平测定和断乳大鼠子宫增重实验探讨了邻苯二甲酸二乙基己酯(DEHP)和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)内分泌干扰活性及其可能的作用机制.结果表明,DEHP和DBP可诱导MCF-7细胞增殖、细胞内雌激素受体水平增高,对细胞周期无明显影响,DEHP不引起断乳大鼠子宫增重.推断DEHP和DBP可能并不是通过模拟雌激素而是引起体内天然激素受体水平改变等其他机制影响机体内分泌系统.     

Concentrations of phthalate esters and identification of other additives in PVC children’s toys

This study was intended to provide data on the composition of soft PVC toys, addressing the widest practicable range of chemical additives and including non-phthalate additives. The study also included toys from as many countries as possible, since for many, no data were available. A total of 72 toys were purchased in 17 countries. The majority (64) were PVC or had PVC sections. In almost all the soft PVC toys analysed, phthalates comprised a sizeable proportion (most frequently 10–40%) of the total weight of the toy. The predominant phthalates detected were diisononyl phthalate (DINP) and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP). Other phthalates identified in high concentrations in some toys include isomeric mixes of diisooctyl phthalate (DIOP) and diisodecyl phthalate (DIDP). The estrogenic chemical nonylphenol was isolated from 13 toys, while 2 toys were found to contain the fungicide Fungitrol 11 (Folpet). 78% of PVC toys contained one or more extractable organic compounds in addition to those reported above. Some of these data have been released previously by Greenpeace and made available on the internet.This report, however, which is intended for a technically expert audience, has been peer reviewed and contains further analytical data that have not been published before.     

邻苯二甲酸二丁酯（DBP）对斜生栅藻的致毒效应研究

为了评估邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)对水生生物的毒性效应,采用室内培养的方法,研究了DBP对斜生栅藻(Scenedesmus obliquus)的急性毒性效应.实验设置5个暴露组(5、10、20、50、100mg·L-1)和1个对照组(0mg·L-1),暴露96h后分别测定DBP对斜生栅藻生长量、光合色素含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量等生理生化指标的影响.结果表明,各暴露组DBP对斜生栅藻的生长均有抑制作用,随DBP暴露浓度的增大,藻细胞密度逐渐降低,显示出明显的剂量-效应关系.DBP对斜生栅藻的24、48、72、96h的EC50值分别为3.31、15.49、1.95、2.21mg·L-1.叶绿素a、b及类胡萝卜素含量随着DBP暴露浓度的增大呈现相同的变化趋势,均为低浓度(5～10mg·L-1)上升,高浓度(10～100mg·L-1)下降.随DBP暴露浓度的增大,斜生栅藻SOD活性表现为先激活后抑制,在20mg·L-1时SOD活性达到最大值(与对照比较,p<0.05);当DBP暴露浓度≥10mg·L-1时,MDA含量随DBP浓度的增大显著增加(与对照比较,p<0.05,p<0.01).     

邻苯二甲酸酯的生物降解研究

从处理焦化废水的活性污泥中,通过富集驯化培养,平板划线纯化,分离出了５株能有效降解邻苯二甲酸二丁酯（ＤＢＰ）的菌株。利用摇瓶实验,对各菌株的降解能力进行了比较,研究了菌株的生长特性和降解过程动力学。结果表明,邻苯二甲酸二丁酯的生物降解过程可用Ｍｏｎｏｄ方程描述,其动力学参数μｍ和Ｋｓ分别为０．４ｈ＾－１和２８ｍｇ／Ｌ。     

固相萃取-气相色谱法测定水环境中邻苯二甲酸酯

采用固相萃取法对水样进行提取富集,气相色谱法测定水中6种邻苯二甲酸酯类有机污染物,并对方法进行了探索、优化和验证。对水体pH在固相萃取过程中对邻苯二甲酸酯萃取回收率的影响进行了研究,解决了邻苯二甲酸2-乙基己基酯和邻苯二甲酸二正辛酯回收率不高的问题。在空白水加标实验中,邻苯二甲酸酯的回收率能达到93.2%~116.3%。除此之外,还对工业废水和地表水进行了加标回收实验,获得了较高的回收率及测定精度。