日光/H2O2/草酸铁络合物光解水溶液中的直接耐酸大红

以H2O2/草酸铁络合物作光氧化剂,利用太阳光对水溶液中的直接耐酸大红进行了光氧化降解试验研究。结果表明,在日光照射下,H2O2/草酸铁络合物能使溶液中直接耐酸大红迅速光解,晴天光照15min或阴天光照30-40min,溶液（直接耐酸大红的质量浓度为50mg/L）可褪至无色;溶液的初始pH对染料光解有显著影响;pH为2-4时光解效果最佳;提高H2O2浓度可以提高光解速率,但H2O2的利用率会降低。     

聚合氯化铝铁(PAFC)絮凝剂污水除磷的研究

用聚合氯化铝铁(PAFC)絮凝剂对城镇生活污水除磷处理效果进行研究,研究内容包括:PAFC用量对模拟污水和实际生活污水除磷效果的影响,污水经PAFC处理后pH值的变化情况,污水酸度对除磷效果的影响,PAFC用量对模拟污水和实际生活污水除浊效果的影响.结果表明:铝铁复合絮凝剂有良好的除磷效果,除磷处理后磷含量可低于0.5mg·l-1,能达到生活污水国家一级排放标准;污水处理后pH值较稳定;除浊效果好,除浊率可达到95%以上.     

用改性赤泥吸附废水中的六价铬

用国内烧结法产生的赤泥作主要原料,以氯化铁为改性剂制得改性赤泥,用其吸附含铬废水中的重铬酸根阴离子。当废水中六价铬的质量浓度为80mg／L时,在环境温度为30℃、改性赤泥投加量为10g／L、pH为2左右的酸性环境中,2h达到吸附平衡,去除率可达96．18％。并且利用Langmuir等温式和Freundlich等温式对其吸附机理进行了探讨,结果表明,氯化铁改性赤泥对重铬酸根阴离子的吸附是通过物理吸附和化学吸附的协同作用来进行的。     

散射光下铁(Ⅲ)-丙酮酸盐配合物还原铬(Ⅵ)的研究

研究了在散射光下铁（Ⅲ）-丙酮酸盐配合物对铬（Ⅵ）的光还原反应;考察了溶液pH、铁（Ⅲ）、丙酮酸钠、铬（Ⅵ）浓度对反应的影响;分析了铬（Ⅵ）光还原反应的动力学。实验结果表明：铁（Ⅲ）-丙酮酸盐配合物体系能在较弱的散射光下还原铬（Ⅵ）。在铬（Ⅵ）浓度为19．2μmol／L、铁（Ⅲ）浓度为10．0μmol／L、丙酮酸钠浓度为240μmol／L、pH为3．0、光照240min的条件下,铬（Ⅵ）的还原率达到99．7％。从表观动力学方程的反应级数看,铁（Ⅲ）的级数（0．83）最高,铁（Ⅲ）浓度是影响铬（Ⅵ）光还原反廊速率的主要因素．铁（Ⅱ）是铬（Ⅵ）光还原的主要还原剂。     

高锰酸钾强化三氯化铁共沉降法去除亚砷酸盐的效能与机理

研究了不同水质条件下KMnO₄强化FeCl₃共沉降去除亚砷酸盐[As(Ⅲ)]的效能与机理.考察了pH值、天然有机物(NOM)等因素对As去除效能的影响.结果表明,投加KMnO₄显著提高了FeCl₃共沉降除砷(FCP)工艺对As(Ⅲ)的去除效能.随着Fe(Ⅲ)投量由2.0mg/L增大到8.0mg/L,对于FCP工艺,As去除率由41.3%提高到75.4%;而对于KMnO₄-FeCl₃共沉降除砷(POFCP)工艺,As去除率则由61.2%提高至99.3%.FCP及POFCP工艺对As的去除率均随着pH值的升高而升高;与FCP工艺比较,pH值对POFCP工艺除As效果影响较小;NOM降低了FCP工艺对As的去除率,而对POFCP工艺无明显影响.KMnO₄的氧化作用是强化As(Ⅲ)去除效能的主要因素,而KMnO₄的还原产物水合MnO₂(s)对As(Ⅲ)也具有一定的去除能力.POFCP工艺是强化去除水中As(Ⅲ),以保障安全饮用水供给的有效方法.     

新型聚硅氯化铁铝絮凝剂的制备及性能

以二甲基二氯硅烷为硅源,与氯化铁、氯化铝聚合制得新型的聚硅氯化铁铝（PSFAC）絮凝剂,考察了制备条件及PSFAC对含油废水和药厂废水的絮凝效果。制备PSFAC的最佳条件：nFc：nAl为0．4,nSi：n（Al＋Fe）为0．1,碱化度为2．0,C（Al,Fe）、为0．1mol／L,熟化时间为1-2d。当PSFAC加入量为10mg／L时,对含油废水、药厂废水的浊度去除率分别为84％和86％。PSFAC具有加入量少、沉降速度快、适用的pH范围较宽等优点。     

含有机物铁泥的超临界水氧化法资源化

氨基染料生产过程中产生大量含有机物的铁泥,对环境造成严重污染并造成资源的极大浪费.利用超临界水氧化法对含有机物铁泥进行资源化处理研究,并对产物进行了X射线衍射分析(XRD)、色差实验与电子探针分析.研究结果显示,用超临界水氧化法处理铁泥可以将铁泥中所含的有机物完全氧化,真正实现环境友好;超临界水首先将铁泥氧化成α-Fe2O3与γ-Fe2O3,再经过800℃煅烧后可以作为氧化铁红颜料使用;超临界反应压力对样品的晶型与颜色影响不大.     

Dissimilatory reduction of Fe~III (EDTA) with microorganisms in the system of nitric oxide removal from the flue gas by metal chelate absorption

IntroductionThecombustionoffossilfuelsgeneratesSO2 andNOxpollutantswhichcauseairpollutionandacidrain .Existingfluegasdesulfurization(FGD)scrubbersinvolvelimestoneprocesses,whichareefficientforcontrollingSO2 emission ,butareincapableofremovingalmostwater i…     

聚合氯化铝铁处理工业废水的试验研究

采用PAFC分别处理造纸和印染两种工业废水,优化各种絮凝条件,如投药量、pH值、搅拌强度和搅拌时间等,并与PAC和PFS的絮凝效果进行比较。结果表明,PAFC在用量和浊度去除率方面并没有明显的优势,但其COD去除率(82.53%,90.58%)明显高于PAC和PFS,经PAFC处理后的印染废水达到国家一级标准,造纸中段废水也接近了国家二级标准。     

Effects of lindane on the photosynthetic apparatus of the cyanobacterium<Emphasis Type="Italic">anabaena</Emphasis>

INTENTION, GOAL, SCOPE, BACKGROUND: Cyanobacteria have the natural ability to degrade moderate amounts of organic pollutants. However, when pollutant concentration exceeds the level of tolerance, bleaching of the cells and death occur within 24 hours. Under stress conditions, cyanobacterial response includes the short-term adaptation of the photosynthetic apparatus to light quality, named state transitions. Moreover, prolonged stresses produce changes in the functional organization of phycobilisomes and in the core-complexes of both photosystems, which can result in large changes in the PS II fluorescence yield. The localization of ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase (FNR) at the ends of some peripheral rods of the cyanobacterial phycobilisomes, makes this protein a useful marker to check phycobilisome integrity. OBJECTIVE: The goal of this work is to improve the knowledge of the mechanism of action of a very potent pesticide, lindane (gamma-hexaclorociclohexane), in the cyanobacterium Anabaena sp., which can be considered a potential candidate for bioremediation of pesticides. We have studied the effect of lindane on the photosynthetic apparatus of Anabaena using fluorescence induction studies. As ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase plays a key role in the response to oxidative stress in several systems, changes in synthesis, degradation and activity of FNR were analyzed. Immunolocalization of this enzyme was used as a marker of phycobilisome integrity. The knowledge of the changes caused by lindane in the photosynthetic apparatus is essential for rational further design of genetically-modified cyanobacteria with improved biorremediation abilities. METHODS: Polyphasic chlorophyll a fluorescence rise measurements (OJIP) have been used to evaluate the vitality and stress adaptation of the nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium Anabaena PCC 7119 in the presence of increasing concentrations of lindane. Effects of the pesticide on the ultrastructure have been investigated by electron microscopy, and FNR has been used as a marker of phycobilisome integrity. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Cultures of Anabaena sp. treated with moderate amounts of lindane showed a decrease in growth rate followed by a recovery after 72 hours of pesticide treatment. Concentrations of lindane below 5 ppm increased the photosynthetic performance and activity of the cells. Higher amounts of pesticide caused a decrease in these activities which seems to be due to a non-competitive inhibition of PS II. Active PS II units are converted into non-QA reducing, so called heat sink centers. Specific activity and amount of FNR in lindane-treated cells were similar to the values measured in control cultures. Release of FNR from the thylakoid after 48 hours of exposure to 5 ppm of lindane towards the cytoplasm was detected by immunogold labeling and electron microscopy. CONCLUSIONS: From these results, we conclude that the photosynthetic performance and activity of the cells are slightly increased in the presence of lindane up to 5 ppm. Moreover, in those conditions, lindane did not produce significant changes in the synthesis, degradation or activity of FNR. The high capability of Anabaena to tolerate lindane makes this cyanobacterium a good candidate for phytoremediation of polluted areas. RECOMMENDATION AND OUTLOOK: The results of this study show that cultures of Anabaena PCC 7119 tolerate lindane up to 5 ppm, without significant changes in the photosynthetic vitality index of the cells. However, a slight increase in phycobiliprotein synthesis is observed, which is related to total protein content. This change might be due to degradation of proteins less stable than phycobiliproteins. An identification of the proteins with altered expression pattern in the presence of the pesticide remains the subject of further work and will provide valuable information for the preparation of strains which are highly tolerant to lindane.