物理化学预处理与膜分离技术的应用

将物理化学预处理与膜分离技术深度处理结合应用于工业废水处理，可使其中的Ｃｒ６＋＜０．５ｍｇ／ｌ，Ｚｎ２＋＜２０ｍｇ／ｌ，ｐＨ６～９。用膜分离技术处理造纸废水可回收其中的木质素和糖份，回收率均为６０％左右。     

南、黄海及青岛地区大气气溶胶中无机氮组分的研究

于2004年冬季在青岛地区采集了大气气溶胶TSP(总悬浮颗粒物)样品,并于2005年3月和5月航次采集了黄、南海TSP和安德森分级样品,分析了气溶胶中无机氮组分(NO2-、NH4 、NO3-)的浓度,探讨了相应区域大气颗粒物中各种无机氮离子的区域分布、粒级分布.青岛地区冬季TSP的月平均值为102.00～227.00 μg·m-3;黄海TSP浓度为80.00～130.00 μg·m-3,低于青岛地区;南海TSP浓度最低,在30.167μg·m-3以下.NH4 -N是南、黄海及青岛地区大气气溶胶中主要的无机氮组分,占到总无机氮含量的53.14%～94.72%;其次是NO3--N,占到总无机氮含量的4.75%～46.64%;NO2--N对无机氮的干沉降贡献很小,仅占不到0.54%.NO3--N的粒径范围较宽,多数呈现双峰分布,峰值出现在4.7～7.0 μm和2.1～3.3 μm范围内;NH4 -N的粒径分布范围较窄,主要集中于1.1μm以下的细粒子范围内;NO2--N性质不稳定,其分布比较复杂.近年来,汽车尾气排放量的增大增加了青岛地区大气气溶胶中NO3--N的含量.     

膜生物反应器与传统活性污泥工艺除污特性比较

比较了膜生物反应器（MBR）和传统活性污泥工艺（CAS）在相同运行条件下对生活污水的除污特性.结果表明,MBR系统对COD、NH3-N和TN的平均去除率比CAS分别高14.4%、51.2%和37.3%.但MBR中膜的截留使系统相对比较封闭,制约了通过排放高磷污泥的生物法除磷,除磷效率仅为32.9%,低于CAS工艺（43.0%）;将MBR与化学除磷工艺相结合,MBR系统除磷效率可达93.3%.     

Treatment of a dyeing wastewater from a woolen mill using an A/O membrane bio-reactor

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Test of membrane bioreactor for waste water treatment in a petrochemical complex

Membrane bioreactor (MBR) used in water and waste water treatment is a developing technique for water pollution control and water reuse. This paper describes a membrane-bioreactor for treatment of waste water in a petrochemical complex. The experimental MBR was a lab scale one composed of an activated sludge bioreactor unit and an ultrafiltration membrane unit. The relationship of COD removal with MLSS and HRT in this MBR was studied. The effects of crossflow velocity, backwash interval and volume of flush liquid on the flux were discussed. The results showed that average removal of COD, oil, SS and turbidity in petrochemical waste water by the MBR was 91%, 86%, 92% and 99% respectively. The average removal of NH₃-N and total phosphorous was 85% and 82%. A coefficient of COD removal, k, was 0.017-0.080 L/(mg.d). The membrane flux maintained higher than 60 L/hm2 bar for 34 days without chemical cleaning when the velocity of crossflow was 3.5-3.9 m/s and the backwash interval was 30 minutes and backwash duration at 20 seconds. The results indicated that it is feasible for MBR technology to be used in petrochemical waste water treatment. The treated water could be considered as a source used to make up water for industrial cooling system or to be reused for other purposes.     

Evaluation of inorganic pyrophosphate in amniotic fluid as a mode of prenatal diagnosis of osteogenesis imperfecta

Using a modified procedure by Solomons and Styner (1969), an evaluation of inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) was performed on the amniotic fluid of two fetuses at risk for osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) at 14½ weeks gestation. The parents of both cases had a previous child with OI, Type II. The normal control group at 14–16 weeks gestation had PPi values ranging from 22.0–59.2 ug/100 ml, with a mean of 38.6±9.51 ug/100 ml. In each at-risk fetus, the amniotic fluid PPi value was within normal range. The first baby was born phenotypically normal at term. Intrauterine radiographic and fetal sonograms were done on the second fetus at approximately 19 weeks gestation. Both showed evidence of OI, Type II. The pregnancy was terminated at 21 weeks. Radiologic studies of the aborted fetus were consistent with OI, Type II. Our results indicate that the evaluation of PPi levels in amniotic fluid is not the method of choice for prenatal diagnosis of IO.     

膜技术在挥发性有机蒸汽（VOC）处理中的应用

有机蒸汽（VOC）排放到大气中会引起健康，环境、安全等一系列问题。采用膜技术来处理VOC具有投资较小、分离效率高、能量消耗低、操作简单、不形成二次污染等优点，所以在处理VOC方面有着广泛的应用。文中介绍了膜分离技术处理有机蒸汽的原理，膜法处理有机蒸汽的过程及其工艺流程。     

蒽对太平洋牡蛎不同组织抗氧化酶活性差异性影响与膜脂质过氧化研究

在实验条件下采用生态毒理学和生物化学方法,选用常见的环境污染物多环芳烃蒽,以太平洋牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)为实验材料进行毒理实验.研究了太平洋牡蛎消化腺、鳃、唇瓣和肌肉4种不同组织中的3种抗氧化酶--超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)对蒽胁迫的敏感性;同时研究了4种不同组织膜脂过氧化的差异.结果表明:(1)4种不同组织中3种不同抗氧化酶对蒽敏感性有显著差异性.(2)4种不同组织的膜脂过氧化伤害程度表现为:消化腺＞鳃＞唇瓣＞肌肉.     

胞外聚合物对浸没式膜-生物反应器膜过滤性能的影响

通过浸没式膜-生物反应器（SMBR）处理上海市城市内河水的试验,研究了反应器混合液中和2种疏水性不同的膜上污泥胞外聚合物（EPS）的量、组成、污泥特性及对膜过滤性能的影响.结果表明,混合液污泥中的溶解性EPS和固着性EPS比膜上污泥多,不同污泥的固着性EPS组分中蛋白质（EPSP）/多糖（EPSC）的大小顺序依次为混合液污泥〈亲水膜污泥〈疏水膜污泥.疏水膜污泥中溶解性EPS比亲水膜多,溶解性EPS和固着性EPS量及组分均有很大差异.混合液污泥的EPS流动性大,疏水性膜上污泥EPS的流动性较大.溶解性EPS对污泥特性及膜过滤性能影响较大.SMBR中亲、疏水性膜片上黏附的污泥的相对疏水性分别为53%、59%.比较2种膜片通量的变化发现,疏水性膜污染严重.     

草浆黑液中碱的扩散渗析回收与处理

研究采用扩散渗析法回收草浆黑液中的氢氧化钠,分别采用了离子交换膜和上海交通大学高分子研究所提供的疏水氟膜、亲水氟膜对草浆黑液进行处理。单位膜面积单位体积黑液下阴极室总碱量的增加用R表示。三种膜的R值分别为2.17×10-7mol/(mL·cm2)、9.20×10-8mol/(mL·cm2)、4.39×10-7mol/(mL·cm2)。可见亲水氟膜的扩散渗析效果最好。实验对原黑液及经亲水氟膜扩散渗析得到的稀碱液进行了质谱分析,结果显示只有一部分小分子有机物转移到蒸馏水一侧。从亲水氟膜处理前后的扫描电镜图可以看出亲水氟膜只有较轻微的污染。可见亲水氟膜有最好的扩散渗析效果和较好的使用寿命。