木质素螯合微肥对生菜栽培中硝酸盐污染的控制作用

通过土培，沙培盆栽试验，研究了木质素螯合微肥对生菜硝酸盐污染与土壤肥力的影响，结果表明，在相同施肥水平下，与无机微肥或EDTA微肥相比，木质素螯合微肥均能降低生菜硝酸盐含量，其中沙培比土培下降的程度更大，土培冲施木质素螯合微肥盆栽生菜后，土壤酸化程度低，土壤盐分下降，铵态氮，有效磷，有效钾及有机质均有一定程度提高，土壤肥力增强，有利于无公害蔬菜生产。     

公共场所火灾事故应急预案编辑平台的开发

本项目旨在通过开发公共场所火灾事故应急预案编辑平台与管理系统,使公共场所火灾事故应急预案的编写和管理简单化、规范化、科学化,以提高预案制定人员的工作效率。     

Biodiversity conservation incentive programs for privately owned forests

In many countries, a large proportion of forest biodiversity exists on private land. Legal restrictions are often inadequate to prevent loss of habitat and encourage forest owners to manage areas for biodiversity, especially when these management actions require time, money, and other resources. Environmental programs encouraging these actions through economic incentives can be used instead of additional legal restrictions, although to be efficient and successful, an incentive program must be thoughtfully developed and its conservation goals must be clear. In addition to being economically efficient, programs must be acceptable to landowners and ecologically appropriate, especially with respect to the case-specific objectives and the ecosystems in question. We introduce a sample of voluntary incentive programs for private forests in Europe and North America. We briefly describe the economic, social, and ecological characteristics of the programs and the forests they aim to conserve, and evaluate the success of these programs with respect to their explicitly stated goals and the ecological status of the forests in that country or state. Important factors contributing to program success include an allowance for some economic productivity in enrolled forests, a long period since time of program inception, and little interference from other incentive programs.     

城市公共交通规划环境影响评价的替代方案分析

城市交通的可持续发展战略要求在交迎规划的制定过程引入战略环境评价。文中结合发展实际，就城市公共交通规划的环境影响评价中的4种替代方案进行了环境影响分析。     

规划环评中的公众参与案例分析

公众参与是环境影响评价中的重要内容，随着可持续发展战略日益深入社会经济生活的各个方面，在环境影响评价中的作用越来越大，本文结合港口规划环境影响评价的实践，对在港口规划环评中公众参与的内容和方法进行了探讨，并针对港口规划环境影响评价中公众参与的对象、内容和形式等方面提出了建议，以力求公众参与结果的真实和公正可靠，从而推动政府决策的民主化和科学化。     

搞好创建绿校工作提高全民环境意识

本文通过全面回顾内蒙古自治区贯彻落实《全国环境宣传教育行动纲要》开展创建绿色学校工作 ,系统总结了创建绿色学校的经验 ,分析了进一步规范创建工作、提高创建水平面临的问题 ,提出了今后继续做好创建工作的思路。对同类地区创建绿色学校工作具有一定的借鉴意义     

Political Incentives for Biodiversity Conservation

Abstract:  There seems to be a worldwide lack of political will for conservation that leads, inevitably, to an undermining of conservation policy. This is a standard complaint but one that has received little academic attention. In an attempt to better understand the gap between conservation policy and practice, we examined conservation policies and practice as they have played out in the Great Himalayan National Park, Himachal Pradesh, India, over the past two decades. In particular we consider the park's experience within two larger contexts: (1) Himachal's current development orientation, which seeks to transform the state into the electrical powerhouse of the country by building over 300 medium and large power projects and (2) electoral politics that result in politician's support for villagers and others denied access to national parks and wildlife sanctuaries. Each of these factors works to undermine state conservation policies. Conservationists need to build political bridges with local communities if they are to use electoral power to work for rather than against conservation. Only such electoral power can be expected to force governments to adopt more cautious policies in advancing a particular development agenda. In the absence of strategic alignments in places such as Himachal Pradesh with strong democratic traditions, one must expect continued political support for potentially destructive megaprojects and an absence of political support for the conservation of biological diversity.     

人工煤气管道萘沉积量预测方法及影响因素研究

为了研究人工煤气管道内萘沉积量的预测方法及其影响因素,以昆明人工煤气输气干管为例,结合TGNET软件模拟输气干管的运行工况(选用BWRS状态方程,Colebrook-White流动方程)计算管内萘沉积量,通过改变模型参数(地温、输气温度及输送压力)分析萘沉积量的影响因素。结果表明:1)萘沉积量预测方法的计算结果与实际情况的相对误差仅为3.36%,方法可行;2)饱和萘含量随地温降低而降低,随管道输送压力降低而升高,随管道输送温度降低而降低,且管内外温差越大,萘沉积量越大;3)温度变化是造成人工煤气管道中萘沉积并堵塞管道的主要原因,建议在煤气进入城市管网前先对其作降温处理,冬季在弯管、调压器等易出现萘沉积的部位添加保温设施以维持管内温度。     

基于地震与危化品突发事件耦合影响的人员转移安置点设置

通过对目前人员疏散转移安置点设置研究现状和问题及城镇化工园区集约发展安全隐患的分析,提出了突发事件耦合影响下人员转移安置点综合规划的必要性。首先分析了典型危化品园区内突发事件耦合的典型模式、影响特性,并基于突发事件耦合特性、影响区域提出了耦合突发事件下人员转移安置点规划的安全性、可达性、适宜性的14个关键影响因素,给出了各指标量化的标准。基于加权灰色关联法和事故影响评估方法,提出了一套安置点适宜性评估筛选、新增安置点规划的方法,给出了安置点规划的流程。利用改进的Voronoi图方法确定安置点的覆盖半径和责任服务区,进行安置点容量与责任区内核密度人口容量的对比分析,以确定安置点人口容量缺口。结合安置点可达性、安全性、适宜性进行叠加划分,确定新增安置点规划位置。最后以某区示范应用,阐述其规划应用方法和流程。以区域内安置点最大全覆盖原则,得到了在地震灾害影响下城镇人员可能受危化品泄漏威胁区域,以及区域安置点的缺口及规划方案。     

基于时间的进场航班效率评估方法研究

终端区作为空中交通的起讫点,是拥堵、延误的多发区,其运行效率对航班整体的运行效率至关重要。欧洲航行安全组织(EUROCONTROL)采用畅通进场时间(Unimpeded AMSA Time)作为量化进场效率的标杆。我国目前还没有明确的进场效率量化指标,因此可以借鉴畅通进场时间这个指标来评估进场效率。以首都机场为研究对象,首先对进港航班ADS-B数据进行预处理来计算进场时间,然后利用K-means聚类算法对航班进行分组,运用回归分析法找寻与终端区拥挤程度关联性最强的解释变量,提出关于畅通航班拥挤阈值的方法来计算畅通进场时间,最后用时间效率指标对进场效率进行评估,得出5月首都机场的进场效率为83. 39%,可为进场效能评估提供参考。