国内大中城市生活垃圾分类收集实施方案

作为“社会公害”之一的城市生活垃圾，是一种丰富的可再生资源，而实现城市垃圾资源化的关键是实施生活垃圾分类收集。详细分析了实施分类收集的6个前提条件。此外，还研究了我国城市生活垃圾分类收集的方法和实施程序。     

一种经济、简单的微生物基因组DNA的提取方法

获得一定浓度和纯度的DNA是进行分子生物学研究的基础。破解细胞壁与细胞膜是获得基因组DNA的前提，而蛋白质和核酸物质的分离是获得高质量DNA产物的关键。目前，主要采用的破壁方法有：冷冻研磨法、溶菌酶法、EDTA测等，这些方法一般采用复杂的裂解液体系，并借助蛋白酶K和RNA酶的帮助来获得高质量的抽提产物。由于细胞裂解体系不仅配制十分麻烦，而日部分药品有毒操作危险性大，此外部分药品及相关酶试剂价格昂贵。本文充分利用DNA在不同温度下自身可变性与复性的特性和在高盐与高温条件下蛋白质能够变性并沉淀。以无菌的SDS（c／c=20％）和NaCl（c/c=8％）的混合液作裂解体系，在沸水浴中破壁膜并使得部分的蛋白质变性和DNA变性并得到初步分离；随后在60℃和72℃水浴中使变性的DNA复性和重新凝聚，同时让RNA、蛋白质和细胞壁碎片等杂质降解或沉淀，从而获得高质量的DNA产物。     

The effects of different carbon sources on microbial mediation of arsenic in arsenic-contaminated sediment

Changes in speciation and mobility of As by indigenous bacteria in As-contaminated sediments (339 mg/kg) from an abandoned Au–Ag mine area in Korea were investigated after biostimulation with a variety of carbon sources, including acetate, lactate and glucose in batch experiments. Sequential extraction analysis designed to determine the form of As occurrence revealed that 40 and 47% of As were present in the sediment as Fe-associated and residual fractions, respectively. After 22-day incubation with acetate and lactate, the presence of indigenous bacteria increased the amount of total dissolved As from both Fe-associated and residual fractions in the sediment. More than 99% of dissolved As existed as As(V) in biotic slurries in contrast to sterile controls (less than 50% of total dissolved As), which indicated that indigenous bacteria transformed some dissolved As(III) to As(V). In real environments, depending on the pH, microbially-produced aqueous As(V) may be either immobilized through adsorption or reduced to As(III) after migration to the anoxic subsurface.     

SPE-PDA/FLD串联HPLC法测定水样中痕量多环芳烃

建立了固相萃取-PDA/FLD串联HPLC法测定水样中多环芳烃(PAHs)的分析方法,优化了固相萃取条件.结果表明,对1L水样加入10%有机改性剂进行固相萃取,采用3ml四氢呋喃洗脱后进行HPLC分析,平均回收率在95.22%-100.8%间,相对标准偏差为0.78%-6.68%,方法的检出限在0.03-220 ng·l-1之间.     

N1923络合萃取丙酸的研究

分别以模拟和实际丙酸发酵废水体系为研究对象,采用络合萃取法回收稀溶液中的丙酸,结果表明,对含2%丙酸的水溶液,以45%(体积比)的N1923为萃取剂,以煤油和正辛醇为稀释剂进行萃取,在油水相比1∶4的情况下,单级萃取率可达97%.对实际发酵废水中丙酸的萃取,在二级错流萃取的情况下,也能达到同样的分离效果.有机溶剂循环使用实验表明,经过10次重复利用后其萃取能力基本不变.     

由粉煤灰提取高纯纳米氧化铝活化过程研究

使用煅烧-沥滤新工艺从粉煤灰中提取高纯氧化铝,探讨了活化过程中活化剂的选择、煅烧工艺等因素对粉煤灰活化过程的影响,结果表明:选用Na2CO3为活化剂,900℃下煅烧2h,粉煤灰被充分活化,可以制得晶型结构为α-Al2O3的纳米粉体,形态为类球状,平均粒径为30-50nm,纯度大于99.6%.该方法具有提取率高、能耗低、污染小、易于操作等优点.     

水环境中氯酚污染物的高效液相色谱分析

1　IntroductionInorganiccontaminants,phenolcompoundsaredeterminedprioritycontaminantbyUSEPA[1 ].ThephenolcompoundsinthedrinkingwaterisstipulatedasabsolutelydeterminationitembytheEuropeanEconomicCommunity (E E C .)andourcountry.Themeasurementofpollutionish…     

固体废弃物渗滤液组分动态变化预测

渗滤液(Leachate)是城市固体废物填埋场(MSWLF)污染环境的主要来源之一，因此掌握其水质变化规律是研究填埋场对环境污染的首要问题。渗滤液的主要来源是大气降水，使用垃圾淋滤的方法模拟大气降水，利用实验结果建立模拟模型，揭示了渗滤液组分随降水的变化规律。可以预测垃圾填埋后渗滤液污染组分的浓度变化。为研究填埋场渗滤液组分变化及确定其处理对策提供了理论依据。     

加强城市固体废物污染防治促进循环经济的发展

为加强城市固体废物污染防治，促进循环经济的发展，文章论述了国内外城市固体废物污染防治现状，天津市固体废弃污染防治对策，“十五”期间天津市固体废物污染防治的十大工程项目。     

Dynamics of Turbulence in Low-Speed Oscillating Bottom-Boundary Layers of Stratified Basins

This paper focuses on the impact of an oscillating low-speed current on the structure and dynamics of the bottom-boundary layer (BBL) in a small stratified basin. A set of high-resolution current profile measurements in combination with temperature-microstructure measurements were collected during a complete cycle of the internal oscillation (`seiching') in the BBL of Lake Alpnach, Switzerland. It was found that even a relatively long seiching period of 24 hours significantly changed the form of the near-bottom current profiles as well as the dynamics of the turbulent dissipation rate compared to the steady-state law-of-the-wall. A logarithmic fit to the measured current profiles starting at a distance of 0.5 m above the sediment led to inconsistent estimates of both friction velocity and roughness length. Moreover, a phase lag between the current and the turbulent dissipation of 1.5 hours and a persistent maximum in the current profile at a height of 2.5 to 3 m above the sediment were observed. The experimental findings were compared to the results of a k- turbulence model and showed good agreement in general. Specifically, the inconsistent logarithmic fitting results and the observed phase lag were reproduced well by the model.