Unregulated emissions from diesel engine with particulate filter using Fe-based fuel borne catalyst

The alteration and formation of toxic compounds and potential changes in the toxicity of emissions when using after-treatment technologies have gained wide attention. Volatile organic compound（VOC）, carbonyl compound and particle-phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon（PAH） emissions were tested at European Steady State Cycle（ESC） to study unregulated emissions from a diesel engine with a fuel-borne catalyst and diesel particulate filter（FBC–DPF）. An Fe-based fuel-borne catalyst was used for this study. According to the results, brake specific emissions of total VOCs without and with DPF were 4.7 and4.9 mg/kWh, respectively, showing a 4.3% increase. Benzene and n-undecane emissions increased and toluene emission decreased, while other individual VOC emissions basically had no change. When retrofitted with the FBC–DPF, total carbonyl compound emission decreased 15.7%, from 25.8 to 21.8 mg/kWh. The two highest carbonyls, formaldehyde and acetaldehyde, were reduced from 20.0 and 3.7 to 16.5 and 3.3 mg/kWh respectively. The specific reactivity（SR） with DPF was reduced from 6.68 to 6.64 mg/kWh. Total particle-phase PAH emissions decreased 66.4% with DPF compared to that without DPF. However, the Benzo[a]pyrene equivalent（BaPeq） with DPF had increased from 0.016 to 0.030 mg/kWh.Fluoranthene and Pyrene had the greatest decrease, 91.1% and 88.4% respectively. The increase of two- and three-ring PAHs with DPF indicates that the fuel-borne catalyst caused some gas-phase PAHs to adsorb on particles. The results of this study expand the knowledge of the effects of using a particulate filter and a Fe-based fuel-borne catalyst on diesel engine unregulated emissions.     

Pd/activated carbon sorbents for mid-temperature capture of mercury from coal-derived fuel gas

Higher concentrations of Hg can be emitted from coal pyrolysis or gasification than from coal combustion, especially elemental Hg. Highly efficient Hg removal technology from coal-derived fuel gas is thus of great importance. Based on the very excellent Hg removal ability of Pd and the high adsorption abilities of activated carbon（AC） for H2 S and Hg, a series of Pd/AC sorbents was prepared by using pore volume impregnation, and their performance in capturing Hg and H2 S from coal-derived fuel gas was investigated using a laboratory-scale fixed-bed reactor. The effects of loading amount, reaction temperature and reaction atmosphere on Hg removal from coal-derived fuel gas were studied. The sorbents were characterized by N2 adsorption, X-ray diffraction（XRD） and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS）. The results indicated that the efficiency of Hg removal increased with the increasing of Pd loading amount, but the effective utilization rate of the active component Pd decreased significantly at the same time. High temperature had a negative influence on the Hg removal. The efficiency of Hg removal in the N2-H2S-H2-CO-Hg atmosphere（simulated coal gas） was higher than that in N2-H2S-Hg and N2-Hg atmospheres, which showed that H2 and CO, with their reducing capacity, could benefit promote the removal of Hg. The XPS results suggested that there were two different ways of capturing Hg over sorbents in N2-H2S-Hg and N2-Hg atmospheres.     

天时不如地利 地利不如人和——法国核电公司的公众策略分享

<正>成事,往往需要"天时、地利、人和"。德国核电的终结脱不开"人和"环节上的失利,而这恰恰是法国"成事"的关键。法国核电在短短的几十年内之所以能取得如此蓬勃的发展,除了政府根据本国实际情况拿出前瞻性的决策之外,更与其发展核电注重信息透明化,尽可能打消公众对核电的疑虑,获得公众的谅解、争取公众的支持是分不开的。法国电力公司核电项目的公众策略值得所有核电发展国的借鉴。而其正是基于以下五点来制定公     

气候变化背景下英国核电建设掏重启及核安全监管机构的改革

英国是世界上较早进行核电建设的国家,有着较长的核电建设历史和良好的核安全纪录。自1995年后,由于对于私有化后的电力市场,英国政府不再为新的核电站建设提供公共部门的支持,以及石油在内的其他能源相对充足等原因,英国的核电建设处于停滞状态。     

从“引进来”到“走出去”

<正>从2010年的巴基斯坦核电援助项目,到2013年的英国欣克利角(Hinkley Point C)核电项目再到罗马尼亚切尔纳沃德核电项目;从1982年引进国外技术建设我国大陆第一座大型商用核电站,到2014年4月具有完全自主知识产权的"华龙一号"首次亮相;在经历了昔日的"拜师学艺"和通过引进消化吸收再创新增强"内功"之后,中国核电正在一步步由"中国制造"向"中国创造"转变,核电"走出去"正成为一张绚丽的名片。化石能源使用的负作用已成为地球的     

喹啉为单一燃料在填料型MFC的产电特性研究

多环芳烃是我国近岸海域水体和沉积物中需要优先控制的首位有机污染物,喹啉是典型的含氮杂环芳烃,具有较大的毒性、致畸性和潜在的致癌作用。该研究利用填料型MFC对单一喹啉为燃料的产电性能进行了研究。经过6个月利用喹啉和葡萄糖作混合燃料的驯化,MFC中的阳极群落发生了改变,可以利用单一喹啉进行产电,以200 mg/L喹啉为燃料时的最大体积功率密度为2.7 W/m3。在没有外加葡萄糖可能带来的协同共代谢作用下,利用单一喹啉做燃料时,对喹啉在MFC中的降解途径进行了研究。实验结果表明,以喹啉为燃料时,MFC可以在不利用有机物本身作为电子受体的作用下,通过外电路的电子传递完成电子从阳极到阴极的传递而达到相同的目的。     

核电社会成本研究现状与展望

正清洁、高效和安全的核电是我国未来30年内应对能源危机和满足日益增加的电力需求的最佳备选能源之一,因此核电成本研究成为众多领域学者关注的焦点。本文引用"社会成本"概念,从研究内容与研究方法两个方面来分析和归纳国内外已有的核电社会成本研究,指出了核电社会成本研究在内容和方法上尚需完善的地方,并对核电社会成本的研究趋势进行了展望。     

河南生物柴油产业技术优势与发展方向

生物柴油是以生物质为原料,通过物理、化学和生物的方法转化为长链烃类或脂肪酸甲酯为主的液体燃料。与燃料乙醇不同,生物柴油能量密度高,不会腐蚀发动机,可以完全替代石油。根据原料来源和生产工艺的不同,生物柴油分为两大类：一是以生物油脂为原料经转酯反应生成的脂肪酸（C12-C18）甲酯,即传统的生物柴油。根据生物油脂的来源不同,传统的生物柴油又可以分为动、植物生物柴油（第一代生物柴油）和微生物生物柴油（第二代生物柴油）     

神奇的“水燃料”

你想象过以后开车,只需要加水就能跑吗？水是地球上最为丰富的化合物,一直以来,人类从未停止过探索水燃料的脚步。今天要介绍的,就是那些从水中提取能源的神奇科技。     

报告全球燃料乙醇生产推广进展

燃料乙醇生产推广背景 自20世纪中期以来,石油成为世界上最重要的能源物资。石油危机给世界经济发展投下了浓重的阴影,可再生能源发展成为大趋势。此外,汽车尾气对环境的污染也日益严重,成为人类共同面对的一大难题。生物质能源原料来源广、可大规模开发、廉价和清洁的属性,使之成为世界各国新能源竞相发展的战略首选。我国是世界生物质资源大国,加快先进生物燃料技术产业化及高值化综合利用,是加快新能源发展、缓解化石能源危机、减少PM2.5和温室气体排放、提高农业资源综合利用率的核心与关键。