河北省辐射环境管理基本情况

宋春婴巡视员从我省辐射环境管理底数、辐射环境质量情况、城市放射性废物库情况、辐射环境管理工作模式以及辐射环境管理工作存在的主要问题和辐射环境主要法律法规等方面详细介绍了我省辐射环境管理基本情况。     

邢台市：7起市级挂牌督办环境违法案件全部摘牌

今年以来,廊坊市环保局实施“蓝天工程”。一是对市区建成区内的燃煤锅炉进行了集中排查整治,共拆除了7个废弃排气设施,拆除燃煤锅炉24台,新安装湿式脱硫除尘器锅炉35台,新替换环保锅炉18台。二是加大对医院擅自处置医疗废物污染空气的督查和处罚力度,市区31家规模以上医院医疗垃圾已全部送市医废集中处置中心。     

Simulation and assessment of sludge concentration and rheology in the process of waste activated sludge treatment

The process of using flat-sheet membrane for simultaneous sludge thickening and digestion (MSTD) was employed. The variations of sludge concentration and rheology were characterized and simulated. Based on mass balance analysis, mathematical models were developed and successfully used to predict and evaluate the variations of sludge concentration and the digestion e ciency in the MSTD process. The apparent viscosity of sludge could be modeled as functions of mixed liquor suspended solids and shear rates. The sludge in the MSTD process showed both shear-thinning and viscoplastic behaviour, and under various shear rates di erent rheological models could be chosen to predict their flow behaviour. It was also found that sludge concentration and viscosity had significant correlations with membrane fouling in the MSTD process.     

医院含汞废物污染和减排对策探讨

以水银血压计和水银体温计为代表的医院用汞是目前汞污染的主要来源之一。简要分析了医院的主要涉汞产品、医院汞污染来源和对环境的影响,通过对北京市多家医院的实际调查,估算了医院含汞废物的产生量。提出了医院含汞废物减排的管理对策和措施建议,包括加快医院无汞产品的推广和应用,加强管理和培训,强化医院含汞废物的收集处置等。     

基于环境风险的PFOS废物管理对策研究

PFOS是近来受到较多关注的一种持久性有机污染物(POPs)。斯德哥尔摩公约在我国生效后,我国不仅将面临PFOS的淘汰工作,还要解决历史库存和废物的处置和管理问题。为做好PFOS废物环境管理工作,本文分析了我国PFOS废物的现状,结合公约对于PFOS废物的管理要求,总结了我国开展PFOS废物管理面临的挑战,并提出相应的应对策略。     

水热处理泔脚脱油与产物消化性能变化

水热预处理泔脚废物,测定生物化学甲烷势(BMP),研究废物脱油、水解和消化性能的变化.结果表明,预处理加速废物的溶解和有机物的水解.随着反应温度升高,产物pH 降低,SCOD 和VFA浓度显著升高.150℃、 60 min预处理后,可浮油含量增加并达到较好的分离效果,消化过程在4～6 d内完成,降解速率提高1倍.170℃预处理后4 d生物气产量最高,继续提高温度会降低产物甲烷势.能量衡算分析表明,优化预处理能耗合理.     

含水率对生活垃圾甲烷化过程的影响

采用批式实验,通过分析产气量和气、液相组成的变化,比较了含水率分别在35%、65%～70%（田间持水率）、 80%和>95%（饱和含水率）的条件下,不同食物类废物和纤维素类废物含量的典型法国生活垃圾和中国生活垃圾以及纤维素类废物厌氧产甲烷过程的差异.结果表明,对于含易腐有机物的生活垃圾,提高含水率能够削弱VFA等中间产物对水解酸化和甲烷化的抑制作用：典型法国生活垃圾大量产甲烷所需的含水率不应低于80%,而有机物含量更高的典型中国生活垃圾直至含水率达到96%时,反应体系内快速产甲烷过程才能得以进行;同时,提高生活垃圾的含水率也有利于加速其厌氧产甲烷过程和提高甲烷的最终产量,含水率>95%的法国生活垃圾反应体系的最终甲烷产量是含水率为80%时产量的1.6倍.而对于纤维素类废物,提高含水率则能改善水分在水解和酸化过程中的可获得性,从而增大甲烷化的底物可获得量,含水率>95%的纤维素类废物反应体系的甲烷最终产量是含水率为65%时产量的3.8倍.     

废旧锂离子电池回收处理技术研究进展

通过介绍废旧锂离子电池的构成及近年来废旧锂离子电池回收处理技术的研究进展,综述了目前主要回收方法有溶解分离法和直接回收正极材料的新型方法等,并对现有研究中存在的二次污染、安全性问题进行了初步探讨。     

杀虫剂类POPs废物及污染场地治理共同责任研究

杀虫剂类POPs废物的环境无害化处置及其污染场地的治理是我国履行POPs公约的国家行动计划(NIP)的重要内容。我国POPs废物产生的责任主体主要是历史上的企业,企业经过了很大的变革,因而产生的POPs废物及其污染场地不同于现有工业企业产生的危险废物,需要根据历史、现状以及未来发展的特点建立新的责任制度,确立治理责任,落实治理资金。从我国杀虫剂类POPs废物和污染场地的现状调研出发,分析国内外相关法律规定中责任分担制度及原则,提出建立我国杀虫剂类POPs废物及其污染场地治理的"共同责任制度",为POPs废物的环境管理提供理论支持。     

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in chicken tissues and eggs from an electronic waste recycling area in southeast China

The levels and distributions of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in chicken tissues from an electronic waste (e-waste) recycling area in southeast China were investigated. Human dietary intake by local residents via chicken muscle and eggs was estimated. The mean PBDEs concentrations in tissues ranged from 15.2 to 3138.1 ng/g lipid weight (lw) and in egg the concentration was 563.5 ng/g lw. The results showed that the level of total PBDEs (PPBDEs) in the chicken tissue was 2–3 orders of magnitude higher than those reported in the literature. The large di erence of PPBDEs concentrations between tissues confirmed that the distribution of PBDEs in tissues depend on tissue-specificity rather than the “lipid-compartment”. BDE-209 was the predominant congener (82.5%– 94.7% of PPBDEs) in all chicken tissues except in brain (34.7% of PPBDEs), which indicated that deca-BDE (the major commercial PBDE formulation comprising 65%–70% of total production) was major pollution source in this area and could be bioaccumulated in terrestrial animals. The dietary PBDEs intake of the local residents from chicken muscle and egg, assuming only local bred chickens and eggs were consumed, ranged from 2.2 to 22.5 ng/(day kg body weight (bw)) with a mean value of 13.5 ng/(day kg bw), which was one order of magnitude higher than the value reported in previous studies for consumption of all foodstu s.