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981.
《环境科学学报(英文版)》2023,35(3):811-822
The complete catalytic oxidation of formaldehyde (HCHO) to CO2 and H2O at room temperature is a green route for indoor HCHO removal. Zeolite is an excellent carrier material for HCHO oxidation due to its large surface area, intricate pores and high adsorption capacity. However, the zeolite-supported noble metal catalysts have currently shown relatively low activity especially at room temperature. In this work, we present a facile acid treatment strategy for zeolite catalysts to improve the hydroxyl concentration and further enhance their catalytic activity for HCHO oxidation. Activity tests illustrated that HCHO could be completely oxidized to CO2 and H2O at a nearly 100% conversion rate with a weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) of 150,000 mL/(g∙hr) at 25°C, when the support of Pd/USY catalysts was pretreated by hydrochloric acid with a concentration of 0.20 mol/L. The characterization results revealed that the active hydroxyl groups originated from the dealumination in the acid treatment play a key role in the HCHO oxidation reaction. The deduced reaction mechanism suggests that bridging hydroxyl groups may oxidize HCHO to dioxymethylene (DOM) species and terminal hydroxyl groups are responsible for the transformation of DOM groups to formate (HCOO) species. 相似文献
982.
模拟酸雨淋溶下红壤中盐基离子释放及缓冲机制研究 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
通过模拟酸雨淋溶实验,分析在不同酸度酸雨淋溶下红壤中盐基离子释放的规律和特点,研究红壤对酸雨的缓冲机制.结果表明:红壤对酸雨的缓冲主要可分为初级和次级2个缓冲体系,其盐基离子释放主要受H+输入量控制.当H+输入量少时,红壤对酸雨的缓冲以初级缓冲体系交换盐基离子为主;随着H+输入增多,红壤对质子的缓冲进入矿物风化阶段.酸度大的酸雨对红壤的矿物风化作用相对较大.不同酸度酸雨淋溶下,各盐基离子释放量最终趋于稳定.盐基离子对酸雨的敏感性顺序为Ca2+>Mg2+>K+>Na+.结果还表明,Ca2+与Mg2+的释放显著线性相关,n(Ca2+)/n(Mg2+)随酸雨pH和淋溶量增加而增大.强酸性酸雨淋溶下红壤矿物风化所导致的Na+释放的机理和来源可能与K+,Ca2+和Mg2+的不同. 相似文献
983.
984.
Dore A. J. Choularton T. W. Inglis D. W. F. 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2001,1(5-6):381-390
Weekly collections of samples of precipitation and hill cloudwater have been made at Holme Moss (530 m.a.s.l.) in the southernPennines covering a six-year period (1994–1999). In addition continuous meteorological measurements have been conducted at thesite for a five year period (1995–1999). The concentrations of major ions in the samples have been determined by ion chromatography. Analysis of ion concentrations as a function ofwind direction reveals that the ions with anthropogenic sources (SO4
–, NO3
–, NH4
+, H+) exhibit higher concentrations during easterly wind directions whilst the ions with predominantly marine origins (Na+, Cl–, Ca++, Mg++, K+) have concentrations thatare not significantly dependant on wind direction. Precipitation and cloud deposition are strongly correlated to south-westerly wind directions with a secondary peak occurring for north-easterly directions. Fifty nine per cent of ion deposition by rain was found to occur during wind from the SSW to W sector.The average concentrations of ions in cloud water were found tobe much higher than those in rain (by factors of between 2.5 and4.2). It is thought that the high precipitation and annual deposition of ions by precipitation at Holme Moss is due in partto the enrichment of ion concentrations in precipitation by thescavenging of more concentrated cap cloud droplets (the `seeder-feeder effect'). Comparison with data from a nearby lower level site shows encouraging agreement with the scheme currently used in the U.K. deposition mapping procedure to incorporate the influence of orography on deposition by precipitation. 相似文献
985.
湖南省酸雨现状与成因分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
湖南省是地处中南的酸雨污染严重区域。本文依据湖南省1993—1999年监测酸雨的数据资料,对湖南省酸雨的现状特征作了简要的阐述,对湖南省酸雨的成因进行了较为系统的分析,并对酸雨的发展趋势进行了预测,初步提出了一些酸雨防治对策。 相似文献
986.
采用内核密度估计方法对黄海西部降水pH值年度/季节特征进行了分析.结果显示,降水pH值年度内核密度估计图相似,呈典型双态分布,以低pH值峰为主.季节性分布特征春、夏、冬季相近,低pH值峰为主,秋季高pH值峰为主.该海域降水pH值特征是陆源输入与海源输入相互影响的结果.根据数据非正态分布特点,采用bootstrap模拟取样获得的降水pH代表值显示,黄海西部降水总体呈弱酸雨特征,年度与季节性pH代表值都呈弱酸性,且年度降水pH值变化范围要大于季节性变化,降水酸性依次为春季>冬季>秋季>夏季,季节性特征较显著.
相似文献
987.
This paper has studied the environmental deterioration due to copper mining in Malanjkhand at Central-east India. No data
is available on environmental degradation at the studied site although geological aspects are well studied. Mine drainage
from the mines is definitively toxic. The site is also undergoing various stages of acid mine drainage (AMD) particularly
from the heap leaching sites and the tailing area. AMD impacted water steam and sediment were also analysed. Results show
substantial level of contamination of almost all segments of environment. Presence of elevated level of other heavy metal
viz. Au, Ag, Pb, Cr, Cd, Fe, Cu and base metals like Na, K in AMD impacted water and sediments is due to metal leaching effect
of AMD. Bio monitoring with the help of benthic macro invertebrates and metal accumulation in plants was also carried to know
the impact of the toxic drainage. Results prove a very significant impact on the environmental health. 相似文献
988.
989.
北京城市道路地表径流及相关介质中多环芳烃的源解析 总被引:7,自引:9,他引:7
将道路地表径流及降雨、路面积尘和行道树树冠穿透水作为整体系统,对其中多环芳烃(PAHs)的来源进行分析.选择北京市3种主要类型城市道路(主干路机动车道、主干路自行车道、支路),于2006年雨季对上述4类介质进行采样分析.结果显示,5~6月各介质中PAHs的平均浓度明显高于7~8月.应用因子分析和多元回归方法解析各介质中PAHs的来源.因子分析结果表明,径流中的PAHs更多体现路面积尘的来源特征,但在自行车道和支路,雨水和树冠水的影响也分别得到体现.多元回归结果表明,路面积尘和地表径流中PAHs的来源.在支路和主干路机动车道以机动车排放源为主,在自行车道,机动车源和燃煤源的贡献相近.雨水中的PAHs以燃煤/燃油源为主,行道树树冠水中机动车源的贡献较大. 相似文献
990.
闽西北邵武市酸雨分布特征及其与气象条件的关系 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
利用1992-2005年邵武市的探空、降水量和酸雨资料,分析了邵武市不同气象条件对降水酸度、酸雨出现率的影响,结果表明:(1)闽西北是福建省酸雨污染较严重的地区之一,相对于夏、秋二季,冬、春二季的降水酸度更强、酸雨出现率更高。(2)降水的量级对降水酸度、酸雨出现率有明显影响。(3)逆温层对酸雨有较大的影响,逆温特征越明显,降水pH值越低,酸雨出现概率越大。(4)1500 m高空风速、风向在一定程度上影响邵武市降水酸度和酸雨出现机率。(5)邵武市上空850 hPa~700 hPa高度层在暖平流控制下不仅降水酸度强且出现酸雨的机会大。相反,如果850hPa~700 hPa高度层在冷单流控制下不仅降水酸度弱且出现酸雨的机会小。 相似文献