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91.
Building future scenarios and uncovering persisting challenges of participatory forest management in Chilimo Forest, Central Ethiopia 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Kassa H Campbell B Sandewall M Kebede M Tesfaye Y Dessie G Seifu A Tadesse M Garedew E Sandewall K 《Journal of environmental management》2009,90(2):1004-1013
We examined the changes in forest status and people's livelihoods through building future scenarios for Chilimo Forest in Central Ethiopia where participatory forest management (PFM) is being implemented. Participatory methods were employed to collect data, and a dynamic modeling technique was applied to explore trends over time. By integrating the more quantitative model outputs with qualitative insights, information on forests and livelihoods was summarized and returned to users, both to inform them and get feedback. A scenario of open access without PFM provides higher income benefits in the short term but not over the longer term, as compared to a scenario with PFM. Follow up meetings were organized with national decision makers to explore the possibility of new provisions in the national forest proclamation related to joint community-state ownership of forests. Project implementers must constantly work towards improving short term incentives from PFM, as these may be insufficient to garner support for PFM. Other necessary elements for PFM to succeed include: ensuring active participation of the communities in the process; and, clarifying and harmonizing the rules and regulations at different levels. 相似文献
92.
93.
B. Prado N. Verhulst B. Govaerts F. De León O. Zamora 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(11):844-855
Agricultural management affects the movement of atrazine in soil and leaching to groundwater. The objective of this study was to determine atrazine adsorption in a soil after 20 years of atrazine application under agronomic management practices differing in tillage practice (conventional and zero tillage), residue management (with and without residue retention) and crop rotation (wheat-maize rotation and maize monoculture). Atrazine sorption was determined using batch and column experiments. In the batch experiment, the highest distribution coefficient Kd (1.1 L kg?1) at 0–10 cm soil depth was observed under zero tillage, crop rotation and residue retention (conservation agriculture). The key factor in adsorption was soil organic matter content and type. This was confirmed in the column experiment, in which the highest Kd values were observed in treatments with residue retention, under either zero or conventional tillage (0.81 and 0.68 L kg?1, respectively). Under zero tillage, the fact that there was no soil movement helped to increase the Kd. The increased soil organic matter content with conservation agriculture may be more important than preferential flow due to higher pore connectivity in the same system. The soil's capacity to adsorb 2-hydroxyatrazine (HA), an important atrazine metabolite, was more important than its capacity to adsorb atrazine, and was similar under all four management practices (Kd ranged from 30 to 40 L kg?1). The HA adsorption was attributed to the type and amount of clay in the soil, which is unaffected by agronomic management. Soils under conservation agriculture had higher atrazine retention potential than soils under conventional tillage, the system that predominates in the study area. 相似文献
94.
A newly constructed coastal revetment at Colhuw Beach in the Glamorgan Heritage Coast, Wales, UK, was analysed using a recently
developed environmental risk assessment package (ERA). Conflict with Heritage Coast conservation objectives is apparent and
the act of building such a structure is questioned for a location where maintenance ofnatural beauty is an axiom of the coastal management philosophy. The likelyhood of revetment related environmental consequences of
significant magnitude was analysed using estimated probability values derived from Bayesian theory. The damaging impact of
the structure on the natural environment is out of all proportion to the level of storm protection afforded to the site. Analyses,
such as carried out via ERA, would have shown planners, engineers and environmentalists, the inadequacies of such an investment
and management strategy. The ERA approach can help to introduce greater clarity and consistency into decision making processes. 相似文献
95.
A newly constructed coastal revetment at Colhuw Beach in the Glamorgan Heritage Coast, Wales, UK, was analysed using a recently
developed environmental risk assessment package (ERA). Conflict with Heritage Coast conservation objectives is apparent and
the act of building such a structure is questioned for a location where maintenance ofnatural beauty is an axiom of the coastal management philosophy. The likelyhood of revetment related environmental consequences of
significant magnitude was analysed using estimated probability values derived from Bavesian theory. The damaging impact of
the structure on the natural environment is out of all proportion to the level of storm protection afforded to the site. Analyses,
such as carried out via ERA, would have shown planners, engineers and environmentalists, the inadequacies of such an investment
and management strategy. The ERA approach can help to introduce greater clarity and consistency into decision making processes. 相似文献
96.
David R. Breininger Mary Jo Barkaszi Rebecca B. Smith Donna M. Oddy Jane A. Provancha 《Environmental management》1998,22(2):315-321
/ We identified and ranked 108 resident and migratory wildlife taxa on John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) that were vulnerable to local, regional, or global extinction. We ranked taxa based on their vulnerability to extinction, their potential role for maintaining faunal integrity, and the relevance of KSC for maintaining their populations in the United States and Florida. Several taxa, not listed by agencies, were vulnerable to regional or global extinction. Many taxa not vulnerable to global extinction were vulnerable to local and regional extinction. Top predators were vulnerable to extinction because of small population size, isolation from other populations, and road mortality. Many taxa were dependent on habitat conditions at different geographic locations so that conservation required greater collaboration among land owners, managers, and researchers at local, regional, and global scales.KEY WORDS: Biological diversity; Endangered species; Conservation 相似文献
97.
近年来,水文部门根据降水预报,探索流域洪水模拟预报,对密切监视暴雨洪水、做好防汛调度决策起到良好作用。文章在统计分析小凌河多年暴雨洪水的基础上,采用不同雨级平均24 h时段比率,进行凌河保护区洪水模拟预报成果编制研究。构建"以流域为单元、以干流为主线、以水库和河道水文站为控制节点"的流域河库联合模拟预报调度成果图表,实现流域水系河库模拟预报调度。通过科学的实时洪水调度可以调蓄洪水,减轻洪水灾害。同时,也可为流域洪水资源化提供保障和科学依据,实现流域的综合管理。 相似文献
98.
Sandy beaches are the prime sites for human recreation and underpin many coastal economies and developments. In many coastal
areas worldwide, beach recreation relies on the use of off-road vehicles (ORVs) driven on the shore. Yet, the use of ORVs
is not universally embraced due to social conflicts with other beach user groups and putative environmental consequences of
vehicle traffic on sandy shores. Such ecological impacts of ORVs are, however, poorly understood for endobenthic invertebrates
of the intertidal zone seawards of the dunes. Consequently, this study quantified the degree to which assemblages of intertidal
beach invertebrates are affected by traffic. The study design comprised a series of temporally replicated spatial contrasts
between two reference sites (no ORVs) and two beaches with heavy ORV traffic (in excess of 250,000 vehicles per year) located
in South-East Queensland, Australia. Macrobenthic assemblages on ORV-impacted beaches had significantly fewer species at substantially
reduced densities, resulting in marked shifts in community composition and structure. These shifts were particularly strong
on the middle and upper shore where vehicle traffic was concentrated. Strong effects of ORVs were detectable in all seasons,
but increased towards the summer months as a result of heavier traffic volumes. This study provides clear evidence that ORVs
can have substantial impacts on sandy beach invertebrates that are manifested throughout the whole community. Demonstrating
such an ecological impact caused by a single type of human use poses a formidable challenge to management, which needs to
develop multi-faceted approaches to balance environmental, social, cultural, and economic arguments in the use of sandy shores,
including management of “beach traffic.” 相似文献
99.
J. G. Castley J.-S Bruton G. I. H. Kerley A. McLachlan 《Journal of Coastal Conservation》2001,7(1):57-70
The endozoochorous dispersal of seeds by mammals and birds between distinct vegetation communities was assessed to determine
the importance of these processes in coastal dune field management. Isolated pockets of thicket vegetation (bush-pockets)
within a large coastal dune field provided the opportunity to study vertebrate seed dispersal and its contribution to their
origin and maintenance. Mammalian and avian faeces were collected for the quantification of seeds dispersed via endozoochory.
Birds and mammals showed considerable overlap, dispersing intact seeds of 17 and 29 plant species, respectively, but mammals
dispersed a greater diversity and size range than birds. Extrapolation of mammalian faecal data indicates an annual input
of 23 million intact seeds to the dune field. Significantly more seeds are deposited by mammals and birds in the bush-pockets
than on open sand, and birds deposited greater numbers of seeds nearer the seed source. Zoochory appears to be critical for
the maintenance of the bush-pocket habitats through the dispersal of climax woody plant species into the dune field. Directional
dispersal by birds and mammals to the bush-pockets is considered to be responsible for the maintenance and possible origin
of these bush-pockets. The high number of exotic plant propagules dispersed by both avian and mammalian zoochory highlights
the importance of management of the Alexandria Coastal Dunefield (ACD) beyond the reserve boundaries. In a dynamic system
such as the ACD which is within a declared nature reserve, the continued existence of the bush-pockets may depend on the maintenance,
beyond the reserve boundaries, of a reservoir of not only plant material but vertebrate dispersers as well. 相似文献
100.