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101.
Junyu Zheng Bowen Shi Xin Yuan Chuanzeng Zheng Yufan Yu Zhijiong Huang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2023,123(1):430-445
Because of the recent growth in ground-level ozone and increased emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), VOC emission control has become a major concern in China. In response, emission caps to control VOC have been stipulated in recent policies, but few of them were constrained by the co-control target of PM2.5 and ozone, and discussed the factor that influence the emission cap formulation. Herein, we proposed a framework for quantification of VOC emission caps constrained by targets for PM2.5 and ozone via a new response surface modeling (RSM) technique, achieving 50% computational cost savings of the quantification. In the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region, the VOC emission caps constrained by air quality targets varied greatly with the NOx emission reduction level. If control measures in the surrounding areas of the PRD region were not considered, there could be two feasible strategies for VOC emission caps to meet air quality targets (160 µg/m3 for the maximum 8-hr-average 90th-percentile (MDA8-90%) ozone and 25 µg/m3 for the annual average of PM2.5): a moderate VOC emission cap with <20% NOx emission reductions or a notable VOC emission cap with >60% NOx emission reductions. If the ozone concentration target were reduced to 155 µg/m3, deep NOx emission reductions is the only feasible ozone control measure in PRD. Optimization of seasonal VOC emission caps based on the Monte Carlo simulation could allow us to gain higher ozone benefits or greater VOC emission reductions. If VOC emissions were further reduced in autumn, MDA8-90% ozone could be lowered by 0.3-1.5 µg/m3, equaling the ozone benefits of 10% VOC emission reduction measures. The method for VOC emission cap quantification and optimization proposed in this study could provide scientific guidance for coordinated control of regional PM2.5 and O3 pollution in China. 相似文献
102.
In India coal combustion is the single largest source of emission of mercury which is a wide-spread persistent global toxicant, travelling across international borders through air and water. As a party to the Minamata convention, India aims to monitor and reduce Hg emissions and stricter norms are introduced for mercury emissions from power plants (30 μg/Nm3for flue gas in stack).This paper presents the results obtained during the experimental studies performed on mercury emissions at four coal-fired and one lignite-fired power plants in India. The mercury concentration in the feed coal varied between 0.12–0.27 mg/Kg. In the mercury mass balance, significant proportion of feed coal mercury has been found to be associated with fly ash, whereas bottom ash contained very low mercury. 80%–90% of mercury was released to air through stack gas. However, for circulating fluidised bed boiler burning lignite, about 64.8% of feed mercury was found to get captured in the fly ash and only 32.4% was released to air. The mercury emission factor was found to lie in the range of 4.7–15.7 mg/GJ. 相似文献
103.
D. Valiulis D.
eburnis J.
akalys K. Kvietkus 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2002,36(39-40)
A new approach for the estimation of trace metal emissions in Vilnius city was implemented, using vertical concentration profiles in the urban boundary layer and road tunnel measurement data. Heavy metal concentrations were examined in fine and coarse particle fractions using a virtual impactor (cut-off size diameter 2.5 μm). Negative vertical concentration gradients were obtained for all metals (Ba, Pb, V, Sb, Zn) and both fractions. It was estimated that the vertical concentration gradient was formed due to emissions from an area of about 12 km2. Road tunnel measurements indicated that trace metal concentrations on fine particles were lower than those on coarse particles, which suggested that re-emitted road dust was highly enriched in trace metal due to historic emissions within the tunnel. Emission rates of different pollutants in the road tunnel were calculated using pollutant concentration differences at the tunnel entrance and exit and traffic flow data. Heavy metal emission rates from the area of Vilnius city were estimated using the vertical gradient of heavy metal concentrations and the coefficient of turbulent mixing, as derived from meteorological measurement data. The emission values calculated by the two different methods coincided reasonably well, which indicated that the main source of airborne trace metals in Vilnius city is traffic. The potential of the vertical concentration gradient method for the direct estimation of urban heavy metal emissions was demonstrated. 相似文献
104.
Claudio Carnevale Giovanna Finzi Enrico Pisoni Marialuisa Volta 《Ecological modelling》2009,217(3-4):219
To assess the impact of three different emission reduction scenarios on PM10 concentrations in Northern Italy, the TCAM multiphase model has been applied in the framework of the CityDelta III-CAFE EU project. The considered domain, that is characterized by high urban and industrial emissions and a dense road traffic, due to frequently stagnating meteorological conditions is often affected by severe PM10 levels, far from the European standard regulations. The impact evaluation has been performed in terms of both yearly mean values and 50 g/m3 exceedance days for the 2004 Base Case simulation. The results show that the three selected emission reduction scenarios up to 2020 improve air quality all over the domain, in particular, in the area with higher emission density. 相似文献
105.
Combustion and inorganic bromine emission of waste printed circuit boards in a high temperature furnace 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
High temperature combustion experiments of waste printed circuit boards (PCBs) were conducted using a lab-scale system featuring a continuously-fed drop tube furnace. Combustion efficiency and the occurrence of inorganic bromine (HBr and Br2) were systematically studied by monitoring the main combustion products continuously. The influence of furnace temperature (T) was studied from 800 to 1400 °C, the excess air factor (EAF) was varied from 1.2 to 1.9 and the residence time in the high temperature zone (RTHT) was set at 0.25, 0.5, or 0.75 s.Combustion efficiency depends on temperature, EAF and RTHT; temperature has the most significant effect. Conversion of organic bromine from flame retardants into HBr and Br2 depends on temperature and EAF. Temperature has crucial influence over the ratio of HBr to Br2, whereas oxygen partial pressure plays a minor role. The two forms of inorganic bromine seem substantially to reach thermodynamic equilibrium within 0.25 s. High temperature is required to improve the combustion performance: at 1200 °C or higher, an EAF of 1.3 or more, and a RTHT exceeding 0.75 s, combustion is quite complete, the CO concentration in flue gas and remained carbon in ash are sufficiently low, and organobrominated compounds are successfully decomposed (more than 99.9%).According to these results, incineration of waste PCBs without preliminary separation and without additives would perform very well under certain conditions; the potential precursors for brominated dioxins formation could be destroyed efficiently. Increasing temperature could decrease the volume percentage ratio of Br2/HBr in flue gas greatly. 相似文献
106.
107.
108.
通过现场监测和调研数据,分析燃用蔗髓锅炉的硫平衡及SO 2排放情况。结果显示,烟气排放的SO 2主要来源于鲜蔗和回用洗布水中含有的硫。8个锅炉硫排放在线监测均值与手工监测均值相对偏差为3.76%~14.9%,表明结果一致性较好。蔗髓硫质量分数为0.01%~0.04%,蔗髓含硫折算后的SO 2值和在线监测SO 2值分别为22.1 mg/m 3~49.9 mg/m 3和43.9 mg/m 3~114.5 mg/m 3,说明鲜蔗和制糖工艺流程的共同影响使得燃用蔗髓锅炉排放烟气SO 2值偏高。 相似文献
109.
简述了我国涂料、油墨及胶粘剂工业的污染排放现状与特征,对《涂料、油墨及胶粘剂工业大气污染物排放标准》(GB 37824—2019)进行了解读。该标准在我国打赢蓝天保卫战三年行动计划的背景下发布实施,从全过程控制的角度构建了大气污染物排放指标体系,明确了以非甲烷总烃(NMHC)和总挥发性有机物(TVOC)为综合表征,与有毒有害特征污染物协调控制的挥发性有机物(VOCs)排放指标体系;提出了涂料、油墨、胶粘剂工业无组织排放控制要求和监测监控要求。指出,涂料、油墨及胶粘剂工业的VOCs控制以无组织排放为主,因此必须从源头减排入手,强化全过程控制和全生命周期控制,环境与安全协同,逐步实现行业可持续发展。 相似文献
110.
The voluntary emission reduction (VER) trading mechanism has played an important role in China’s seven pilot carbon markets. From a comprehensive review of the VER trading and offsetting mechanisms since 2013, this study analyses the quality management of the Chinese Certified Emission Reduction (CCER) in the pilot carbon markets, conducts a comparative analysis of the geographical and field distributions of proposed and registered projects and emission reductions and provides the CCER supply outlook for 2020 in the aspects of on record, project registration, emission reduction registration and emission reduction issuance. Results show that the potential number of CCER projects by 2020 will be 2,864, 1,047, 818, and 286 with the corresponding emission reductions amounting to 493, 212, 133, and 49 million tCO2e, respectively. Although considerable progress has been made, China remains confronted with many challenges in developing the VER trading system. Accordingly, policy stability and continuity and guarding against market risks should be maintained to enable the system to play a substantial role in promoting ecological progress and green low-carbon development in China. 相似文献