市场化背景下企业信用销售风险及其防范策略

阐述了信用销售的概念和两类信用销售风险,分析了我国企业面临的信用销售风险状况及根源。笔者提出了降低或规避企业信用销售风险的创新性思路和观点对尚未建立规范信用管理制度的企业,应尽早开发适合企业自身实际的信用信息管理系统;对于已构建信用信息管理系统的企业,应及时更新客户的信用信息,不断加以完善;通过构建和完善该系统,可以增强我国企业防范信用风险的能力,提高企业应收账款回收率和竞争力,最终实现企业的可持续发展。     

环境保护公信体系构架和建设的探索

本文对环境保护的公信体系建设进行了探索。首先，对环境保护公信体系的概念作出了解释；其次，对环境保护公信体系的建设内容、建设框架做出了思考；最后，在对环境保护公信体系的建设方法方面，结合电子政务系统的优势，探索了建立电子环境保护公信体系平台的可能性。     

基于能值分析法的绿色GDP核算研究——以陕西省商洛市为例

论文基于Odum创立的生态经济系统能值理论和方法,对2003-2012年商洛市绿色GDP进行定量核算。核算结果如下：① 2003-2012年商洛市传统GDP分别在1.12×10⁹ ~ 6.72×10⁹美元之间,绿色GDP分别在9.80×10⁸~ 3.35×10⁹美元之间,各年度绿色GDP占GDP比重在49.85%~ 87.50%之间;② 自2003年以来,商洛市经济增长对自然资源（包括不可更新环境资源与不可更新资源产品）及环境资源价值消耗的持续增长,造成10 a间绿色GDP发生了很大程度的变化,各年度对自然资源价值消耗占GDP的比重处于6.55%~31.77%之间,各年度环境资源价值损耗占GDP的比重处于5.18%~24.39%之间,其中2008、2009年环境资源价值损耗对绿色GDP核算的影响大于自然资源损耗对绿色GDP核算的影响,其余年份均是自然资源的损耗大于环境资源的损耗;③ 输入资源包括从外部输入的汽油、柴油、化肥、农药等,对绿色GDP核算的影响较小,各年度占GDP比重保持在0.83%~1.30%之间。绿色GDP核算结果表明：近年来商洛市的经济发展存在两个方面的问题,第一是经济增长严重依赖于对资源（包括自然资源和输入资源）的消耗,第二是商洛市经济增长造成了对环境的严重污染。因此商洛市经济发展的模式是不可持续的,如果继续延续这种依赖资源和环境的发展模式,就会使当地经济陷入恶性循环的怪圈。     

建筑施工企业安全激励机制优化研究

建筑施工企业施工安全水平的提高主要取决于其自身重视与努力这一内在因素,但作为外因的政府监督也是不可忽视的。从前人的研究可知政府采用奖罚结合的策略最优,但就现有安全激励机制下,奖励少则施工企业失去激励动力,奖励多则增加政府负担。在这个问题上还鲜有研究。首先通过对政府与施工方在上述两种状况下的博弈对比分析来论证市场激励比政府监管效率更高。其次,通过引入安全信用等级系数来对工程施工招投标机制进行改进。当投标人安全信用等级较高时,在维持原中标概率的基础上,可获得一个利润增量,从而从安全激励上实现对原有政府监管机制的改进。最后,在理论分析的基础上进行了例证分析。     

Conspicuous conservation: The Prius halo and willingness to pay for environmental bona fides

This paper develops a theory of conspicuous conservation, a phenomenon related to conspicuous consumption in which individuals seek status through displays of austerity amid growing concern about environmental protection. We identify a statistically and economically significant conspicuous conservation effect in vehicle purchase decisions and estimate a mean willingness to pay for the green signal provided by the distinctively designed Toyota Prius in the range of $430–4200 depending upon the owner's location. Results are related to the growing literature on green markets and suggest that policy should target less conspicuous conservation investments that will be under-provided relative to those that confer a status benefit.     

Biosynthesis of iron nanoparticles and their application in removing phosphorus from aqueous solutions

This paper reports the biosynthesis of nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) using the extracts of Shirazi thyme leaf (Th-nZVI) and pistachio green hulls (P-nZVI). Scanning electron microscopy verified the successful synthesis of the poorly crystalline nZVI with a spherical shape and diameter in the range of 40–70 nm. According to X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscope analyses, the synthesised nZVI were composed of iron oxides nanoparticles and ployphenol obtained from Shirazi thyme leaf and pistachio green hulls extracts acting as both reducing and capping agents. The phosphorus removal efficiency of Th-nZVI and P-nZVI increased with time and reached equilibrium at about 4 and 2h, respectively. Sorption of phosphorus on both sorbents was observed to be pH-dependent with maximum phosphorus removal occurring in the pH range of 2–5. Langmuir, Freundlich, Redlich–Peterson, and Temkin models were used to describe phosphorus sorption at pH 5 and maximum sorption capacity for Th-nZVI and P-nZVI was about 40.52 and 29.33?mg?g^?1, respectively. Correlation coefficient (R²) and standard errors of estimate showed that the Elovich model was better than other models at describing the kinetic data. These results suggested that the synthesised nZVI with Shirazi thyme leaf and pistachio green hulls extracts could be employed as an efficient sorbent for the remediation of phosphorus from contaminated water sources.     

绿色信贷会促进重污染企业技术创新吗？——基于《绿色信贷指引》的准自然实验

在绿色信贷引导资金从高能耗、高污染行业流向技术先进的新兴部门过程中,是否会倒逼重污染企业的技术创新,对于中国经济转向创新驱动意义重大。本文基于2009—2017年中国上市公司的相关数据,运用双重差分模型（DID）考察《绿色信贷指引》的发布对重污染企业技术创新的影响。研究发现：绿色信贷会显著抑制重污染企业的技术创新,这主要是通过长期债务融资约束及股权融资上升来抑制重污染企业技术创新的,而企业利润提升却有利于其技术创新;绿色信贷对大型及民营重污染企业技术创新的抑制效应显著,但对小型及国有重污染企业的影响却不明显;此外,绿色信贷政策对重污染企业技术创新的抑制效应长期存在。本研究对于发挥绿色信贷政策的资源配置作用具有较为重要的启示,同时也为绿色信贷政策的持续改进及其配套政策的及时跟进提供了经验支持。     

Removal of Janus Green dye from aqueous solutions using oxidized multi-walled carbon nanotubes

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were oxidized and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The adsorption characteristics of the oxidized MWCNT adsorbent were examined using Janus Green (JG) as adsorbate. In batch tests, the effects of pH, adsorbent dose, contact time, and temperature were studied. The maximum adsorption capacity was found to be 56 mg g^?1. The experimental data were fitted to the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Tempkin isotherm models, the first one being the most appropriate. Kinetic analysis showed that adsorption was most accurately represented by a pseudo-second-order model.     

Biosorption of Direct Yellow 12 from aqueous solution using green alga Ulva lactuca

The potential of commonly available green alga Ulva lactuca was investigated as viable biomaterials for removal of synthetic azo dye (Direct Yellow 12, DY-12) from aqueous solution. The results obtained from the batch experiments revealed that the ability of the U. lactuca to remove DY-12 from its aqueous solution was dependent on the dye concentration, pH, and algal biomass but less dependent on the particle size of the U. lactuca. The equilibrium conditions and kinetics of adsorption were investigated, and the adsorption kinetic was consistent with the pseudo-second-order model (R ²=1). The adsorption isotherm followed only the Freundlich model with a correlation coefficient R ²=0.99. This study demonstrated that the U. lactuca could be used as an effective biosorbent for the removal of DY-12 from its aqueous solution.     

Innovation and diffusion of clean/green technology: Can patent commons help?

This paper explores the characteristics of 238 patents on 90 inventions contributed by major multinational innovators to the “Eco-Patent Commons”, which provides royalty-free access to third parties to patented innovations on green technologies. We compare the pledged patents to other patents in the same technologies or held by the same multinationals to investigate the motives of the contributing firms as well as the potential for such commons to encourage innovation and diffusion of climate change related technologies. We find pledged patents to protect environmentally friendly technologies and to be of similar value as the average patent in a pledging firm's patent portfolio but of lower value than other patents in their class. Our analysis of the impact of the patent commons on diffusion of patented technologies suggests that making patents accessible royalty-free did not result in any significant increase in diffusion as measured by citing patents. This study, therefore, indirectly provides evidence on the role of patents in the development and diffusion of green technologies.