海岸带环境综合管理问题探讨

目前,中国海岸带环境管理中存在的法律、组织协调和运行机制等现有主要问题;福建省海岸带环境管理中存在的主要问题,提出了调整海洋环境功能区划、建立海洋污染事故快速反应体系与应急联动处置机制、加快城市排海污水处理能力的规划与建设、规范海水养殖功能区的管理、加强污染物排海总量控制技术与政策研究、实施海湾区域开发规划环境影响评价、实施海陆一体化的海岸带环境综合管理等福建省海岸带环境综合管理的调控措施.     

中国南中国海海岸湿地退化现状和保护对策

南中国海湿地包括广东省、香港特别行政区、澳门特别行政区、广西壮族自治区和海南省等五个行政区,总面积为15 393.75 km2。由于受人口增加和经济发展的巨大压力,中国南中国海湿地破坏严重,退化趋势明显。本文在对中国南中国海地区海岸湿地的现状、类型及湿地退化的主要原因进行分析的基础上,提出中国南中国海地区海岸湿地资源保护与管理的建议,以便切实保护中国南中国海沿海多样化的湿地类型,持续发挥其生态服务功能。     

Simulating dairy liquid waste management options as a nitrogen source for crops

Large scale dairy operations are common. In many cases the manure is deposited on a paved surface and then removed with a flushing system, after which the solids are separated, the liquid stored in ponds, and eventually the liquid applied on adjacent crop land. Management of liquid manure to maximize the fertilizer value and minimize water quality degradation requires knowledge of the interactive effects of mineralization of organic N (ON) to NH₄⁺, crop uptake of mineral N, and leaching of NO₃⁻ on a temporal basis. The purpose of the research was to use the ENVIRO-GRO model to simulate how the amount of applied N, timing of N application, ON mineralization rates, chemical form of N applied, and irrigation uniformity affected (1) yields of corn (Zea mays) in summer and a forage grass in winter in a Mediterranean climate and (2) the amount of NO₃⁻ leached below the root zone. This management practice is typical for dairies in the San Joaquin Valley of California. The simulations were conducted for a 10-year period. Steady state conditions, whereby an equivalent amount of N applied in the organic form will be mineralized in a given year, are achieved more rapidly for materials with high mineralization rates. Both timing and total quantity of N application are important in affecting crop yield and potential N leaching. Major conclusions from the simulations are as follows. Frequent low applications are preferred to less frequent higher applications. Increasing the amount of N application increased both the crop yield and the amount of NO₃⁻ leached. Increasing irrigation uniformity increased crop yields but had variable effects on the amount of NO₃⁻ leached. A winter forage crop following a summer corn crop effectively reduced the leaching of residual soil N following the corn crop.     

我国海洋灾害应急管理研究

在分析我国海洋灾害的基本情况和特点的基础上，阐述了加强我国海洋灾害应急管理的必要性。目的已经建立起国家应急管理体制和海洋灾害应急管理体制，但仍然存在一些问题，文章从加强海洋应急管理体制、机制和法制建设，抓好预案的制定和落实工作，加强应对海洋灾害的能力建设等血个方面对加强海洋灾害应急管理工作提出了建议。     

关于畜禽养殖业环境管理的思考

介绍了畜禽养殖业对环境的污染现状及存在的问题,提出了强化环境管理的对策和措施.     

餐饮娱乐业的环境污染与综合防治

主要分析了城市餐饮娱乐业环境污染的几个方面,针对我国目前现状,从政策法规、行政管理、技术改造等方面提出了一些综合防治对策。     

俄罗斯环境管理问题所引发的法律思考

对俄罗斯的环境管理观念，相关环境法律规定的生态化要求，联邦及联邦各主体两级关系协调化以及环境管理手段的经济化与多样化倾向等问题作了着重分析，并鉴于中俄在历史上社会与经济制度的关联性及正处经济转轨的共同性，希望通过比较中俄两国在历史和现实发展中存在的异同与联系，以求能为我国进一步的环境管理立法提供借鉴性的思考。     

加强危险化学物品仓库安全管理的探讨

本文着重讨论了加强危险化学物品仓库安全管理的一些行之有效的科学方法，并对有关问题提出了一些个人看法。     

Sustainable resource management coupled to resilient germplasm to provide new intensive cereal–grain–legume–livestock systems in the dry savanna

Sustainable resource management is the critical agricultural research and development challenge in sub-Saharan Africa. The accumulated knowledge on soil management gathered over the last 10 years, combined with solid crop improvement and plant health research at farmers’ level, has brought us to a stage where we can now address with confidence the intensification of cereal–grain–legume-based cropping systems in the dry savanna of West Africa in a sustainable and environmentally positive manner.Two sustainable farming systems that greatly enhance the productivity and sustainability of integrated livestock systems have been developed and implemented in the dry savanna of Nigeria. These are: (i) maize (Zea mays L.)–promiscuous soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotations that combine high nitrogen fixation and the ability to kill large numbers of Striga hermonthica seeds in the soil; and (ii) miflet [Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaerth] and dual-purpose cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.]. Improvement of the cropping systems in the dry savanna has been driven by the adoption of promiscuously nodulating soybean varieties (in particular TGx 1448-2E) and dual-purpose cowpea. The rate of adoption is very high, even in the absence of an efficient seed distribution system. The number of farmers cultivating the improved varieties increased by 228% during the last 3 years. Increased production of promiscuous soybean has been stimulated by increased demand from industries and home utilization. Production in Nigeria was estimated at 405,000 t in 1999 compared to less than 60,000 t in 1984. Economic analysis of these systems shows already an increase of 50–70% in the gross incomes of adopting farmers compared to those still following the current practices, mainly continuous maize cultivation. Furthermore, increases in legume areas of 10% in Nigeria (about 30,000 ha in the northern Guinea savanna) and increases of 20% in yield have translated into additional fixed nitrogen valued annually at US$ 44 million. This reflects, at the same time, an equivalent increase in land-use productivity, and with further spread of the improved crops, there are excellent prospects for additional economic and environmental benefits from a very large recommendation domain across West Africa.     

我国环境管理模式法律问题探讨

通过对市场体制下政府在环境管理中职能及我国环境管理现状分析,借鉴国外发达国家环境管理实践经验,认为现代市场经济国家主要通过环境规划的指引作用、环境政策工具及环保制度的推动作用、以及环境法规的扶持规范作用,共同推动环境管理实践.