大气中颗粒物组分的ICP—AES法测定

研究了适用于大气颗粒物组分测定的采样膜、采样时间及采样量。应用ICP—AES技术,测得了6500个大气颗粒物数据。并与中子活化法进行了方法对照。     

ICP-AES法同时测定废水中的铟、铝研究

钢和铅都是低毒的重金属元素,化学性质相似,都能对环境、人体健康造成不同程度的危害.采用电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES),研究了同时测定冶炼、矿山、采选、化工等行业排放工业废水中铟和铝的方法.探讨了测定过程中共存离子对铟和铝的干扰问题.实验表明在最佳仪器条件和测定条件下,该方法具有较低的检出限、较高的精密度和准确度,操作简便、快捷.     

Synthesis of 2,3-dihydroxynaphthalene-functionalized Amberlite XAD-4 resin: Applications for the separation and preconcentration of trace metal ions prior to their determination by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry

A simple, sensitive column solid-phase extraction procedure for separation and preconcentration of Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II), and Cd(II) in spiked and natural water samples using 2,3-dihydroxynaphthalene-functionalized Amberlite XAD-4 (XAD-4-DHN) chelating resin prior to their determination by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry was discussed. The optimum experimental parameters such as pH, volume of sample and eluent, flow-rates of uptake and stripping, and sorption capacity of the chelating resin, were evaluated. The effect of the electrolytes and the cations on the preconcentration of metal ions was also investigated. The chelating resin could be reused for more than 20 cycles of sorption–desorption without any significant change (<1.0%). Recoveries obtained from this method range from 96 to 102% with R.S.D of 2.50 (n = 4). The detection limits for Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II), and Cd(II) were found to be 1.9, 0.9, 1.2 µg, and 1.4 µg L^?1, respectively. The proposed method was applied for the determination of Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II), and Cd(II) in spiked, tap water, and river water samples.     

等离子发射光谱法及其在环境监测中的应用

介绍了ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ在环境监测中的应用．重点介绍了ＵＳＥＰＡ、ＡＰＨＡ－ＡＷＷＡ－ＷＰＣＥ和ＪＩＳ采用的ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ的方法。并对近几年发展起来的ＩＣＰ－ＭＳ、ＭＩＰ和ＭＩＰ－ＭＳ法进行了概述。引用１９８６年～１９９３年的主要文献共１４篇。     

地面苔藓对成都大气沉降重金属污染的监测

采用微波消解、ICP-AES对成都市一环至三环区域内15个取样点处5种地面苔藓植物体内重金属质量分数进行测定和分析,以监测和研究成都市大气沉降重金属污染状况及区域差异。结果表明：苔藓植物对重金属的富集在种间及种内差异显著,5种苔藓对Pb、Cd、Cu、Zn、Cr、As及Ni有较强的吸收能力,大小顺序为立碗藓(Physcomitrium sphaericum (Ludw.) Fuernr.)>地钱(Marchantia polymorpha L.)>鳞叶藓(Taxiphyllum taxirameum(Mitt.) Fleisch.)>柔叶青藓（Brachythecium moriense Besch.)>尖叶美喙藓（Eurhynchium eustegium（Besch.）Dix.）。对其中具有代表性的3种苔藓植物进行种内比较发现,对于立碗藓,人民公园的 Cd、Zn 质量分数最高,三洞古桥公园有最高质量分数的 Cr、Ni、Cu 及较高的 Pb,而塔子山公园的Pb、Cd、Zn、Cr及As质量分数最小;地钱对Pb、Cd、Cu、及As的积累量在人民公园达到最大,大多数重金属质量分数的最小值出现在成都理工大学;在鳞叶藓中,新阵地高尔夫俱乐部的Cd、Zn、Cr及Pb质量分数高于其余样点,东陂体育公园As质量分数最高,相反三洞古桥公园处多数重金属质量分数最小。各样点以Ni污染最重,Pb、Cr、Cu、As属污染中等,Cd和Zn污染较轻,且大气沉降重金属质量分数表现为中心城区、交通繁忙区及工业区高,郊区较低的特点。与2005年相比,成都市大气重金属污染依旧严峻,重金属质量分数呈现新的空间分布,Ni、Cr质量分数明显增加。因此,立碗藓、地钱和鳞叶藓可作为良好的生物指示植物,以此来监测成都市大气重金属污染状况。     

ICP-AES测定电镀污泥中的金和钯

介绍了含贵金属电镀污泥的样品采集、制备和预处理方法,并对有关问题进行了讨论.研究了电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)直接测定电镀污泥中微量金、钯的分析方法.结果表明:在选定的最佳仪器工作条件下,金、钯的检出限分别为0.015和0.018 mg/L,加标回收率为94.0%～104.0%,相对标准偏差小于3%.该方法可用于电镀污泥中微量金、钯的测定      

电热板消解ICP-AES法测定农田土壤中的重金属

选用盐酸-硝酸-氢氟酸-高氯酸消解体系,用电热板对土壤样品进行消解处理,采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-AES)对土壤样品中铜、铅、锌、铬、锰、镍进行定量分析。实验表明,样品中所测重金属含量均满足国家二级标准,结果准确可靠,重复性好。且该方法操作简单,进样量少,定量迅速,准确度高,可同时检测多种元素,能够满足环境样品的分析。     

微波消解ICP-AES法测定土壤及底泥等中常量及微量元素

建立了电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法同时测定土壤及底泥等中的铜、铅等多元素方法,采用水平及垂直双向观测,提高了分析灵敏度。对ICP工作参数选择、酸度对测定的影响、元素分析线选择、元素间光谱干扰校正系数的确定以及背景扣除方式等进行了研究。该方法线性范围宽,精密度及准确度较好,检出限低,多元素同时分析,分析速度快,操作简便。用于实际样品的测定,结果满意。     

ICP-AES连续氢化(还原)同时测定水、水生生物和沉积物样品中As、Sb、Bi和Hg

本文利用KBH_4的氢化(还原)作用,将酸性样品溶液中砷、锑、铋氢化和将汞离子还原为汞蒸气一同引入ICP(电感耦合等离子体)光源进行发射光谱测定,探讨了水、鱼、螺蚌类肉中As、Sb、Bi和Hg,沉积物样品中As、Sb和Bi的测定方法。As、Sb、Bi检出限为0.01ppm,Hg为0.001ppm。10次测定的RSD％A86.5、Sb6.8、Bi10.9、Hg3.6(5次)。进行多次加际回收试验和标准参考样的测定,得到了好的结果。该方法利用一套标准溶液同时适用于不同类样品的测定,具有简单、快速的特点,灵敏度能满足水环境监测(Ⅲ级地面水汞尚不足)的需要。     

An assessment of the quality of various bottled mineral water marketed in Turkey

Fifteen bottled mineral waters purchased at random all over Turkey were analyzed for their chemical composition by OPTIMA-2000 ICP-AES Perkin Elmer techniques. Results show a wide spread in the chemical specification of these mineral waters, with differences in chemical composition observed in the regions being due to the geological environment and the majority of bottled mineral waters exceeding the pH limit of Turkish drinking water standards. When the concentrations of elements are evaluated, it can readily be seen that generally there are three types of mineral water in Turkey. The concentrations of Al, B, Ba, Cd, Cu, Cr, Fe, Mn Pb and Zn in mineral water were compared with the limits established by the Turkish Standard for Natural Mineral Waters (Turkish Official Gazette 2004); water standards prepared by World Health Organization (2006) and the United States of America Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) drinking water standards (1993). Such a comparison shows that, except for Ba and Mn, the concentrations of the other heavy metals are lower than the limit of the US.EPA in Turkey. Some parameters examined were found to comprise strong correlations pair-wise.