Environmental management system vs green specifications: How do they complement each other in the construction industry?

Environmental Management System (EMS) has been one of the important tools for sustainable construction for around two decades. However, many issues concerning sustainable development have not been properly addressed, and there is a need for the introduction of green specifications to advance green performance in construction through contract management. This paper defines green specifications, identifies the reasons for adopting green specifications and highlights the environmental issues that may not be addressed by solely adopting EMS. It also presents the results of a recent survey of practitioners concerning their opinions towards green specifications and possible impacts arising from their adoption. From the results of the survey, a framework for developing green specifications is deemed valuable for the cities striving for sustainability. Interestingly, the level of acceptable changes brought about by green specifications as perceived by different industry stakeholders is found to be unrelated to whether they were from organizations implementing EMS or not.     

我国应关注ISO呼吸防护的标准化工作

本文介绍了国际标准化组织（ISO）正在开展的呼吸器标准化工作的情况,包括参与国家信息和工作分工情况,以及ISO呼吸器标准体系、产品分类、标准项目信息、产出、进展和进度,分析了ISO标准在未来对全球呼吸防护计数和产品市场发展的影响,并呼吁中国尽早采取主动行动参与其中,争取获得更多的话语权和掌握未来产品技术发展方向的主动权。     

Is a voluntary approach an effective environmental policy instrument?: A case for environmental management systems

Using Japanese facility-level data from an OECD survey, we estimate the effects of implementation of ISO14001 and publication of environmental reports on the facilities’ environmental performance. While most previous studies focused on an index of emissions toxicity, this study examines three areas of impacts, none of which have been explored in the literature: natural resource use, solid waste generation, and wastewater effluent. The study is also unique in that the effectiveness of ISO14001 is considered in relation to environmental regulations. Our findings are summarized as follows. First, both ISO14001 and report publication help reduce all three impacts; the former appears more effective in all areas except wastewater. Second, environmental regulations do not weaken the effect of ISO14001. Third, assistance programs offered by local governments—a voluntary approach—promote facilities’ adoption of ISO14001. These findings suggest that governments can use command-and-control and voluntary approaches concurrently.     

浅论ISO／DIS9001、ISO14001及OHSMS试行标准的关系

本文通过ISO／DIS9001、ISO14001和OHSMS试行标准的比较,为组织建立QMS、EMS和OHSMS提供帮助。     

中日合作,建立ISO14001环境管理体系

通过介绍独山子石化分公司ISO14001管理体系建立和运行的主要做法和体会,着重分析了形成企业特色,保证贯标认证工作的实效性和经济性。     

ISO14000系列环境管理标准与国家环境法规

ＩＳＯ１４０００环境管理标准的核心是其管理体系原则和要求，它协助和指导各组织建立各自的环境管理体系（ＥＭＳ）。环境法的法律形式颁行，是每个组织应满足的最基本要求，ＩＳＯ１４０００标准则以消费行为为根本动力，通过市场来体现。前者设置了绝对量，而后者则依赖各组织自身的环境状况，特别是ＩＳＯ１４０００标准具有强调过程的特点，要求管理过程程序化、文件化，与国家环境法相一致，因而两者是统一的、密不可分的。     

清洁生产与ISO14000系列标准的关系

通过清洁生产、ISO14000系列标准概念的介绍,论述这二者之间的密切关系,并阐明进行清洁生产要与ISO14000整合,以节约人力、物力、财力的观点。     

建立区域ISO14000环境管理体系的构想

ＩＳＯ１４０００环境管理标准体系在区域环境管理方面的应用尚在探索阶段，通过对上海浦东金桥出口加工区建立ＩＳＯ１４０００环境管理体系的构想，讨论了区域环境管理体系的内容，特点、运行模式以及绩效分析；提出小政府大市场的体制下，以区内企业的意愿为基础；用物业是环式管理区域环境是切实可行的。     

A synergetic model for implementing an integrated management system: an empirical study in China

The implementation and certification of quality, environmental and occupational health and safety management systems have become a priority for many organizations. They are viewed as symbol for success and prerequisite for survival. However, it has been proved to be difficult to operate multiple parallel management systems covering quality, environment, and occupational health and safety and to ensure their alignment with the organization's strategy. To investigate the current status of integrated management system (IMS), a structured questionnaire survey was administrated. It is concluded that the major problems for enterprises to operate multiple parallel management systems include: it causes complexity of internal management, it lowers management efficiency, it incurs cultural incompatibility, it causes employee hostility, and increases management costs. The survey also examined the internal and external factors that affect the implementation of IMS. The internal factors include: (1) human resources, (2) organizational structure, (3) company culture, and (4) understanding and perception. The external factors consist of: (1) technical guidance, (2) certification bodies, (3) stakeholders and customers, and (4) the institutional environment. The article proposes a multi-level synergy model (strategic synergy, organizational structural-resource-cultural synergy, and documentation synergy) for an effective implementation of IMS.     

从ISO14000的实施论清洁生产的市场机制

在回顾市场机制在ISO14000标准成功实施中的作用基础上,对我国清洁生产推动中市场机制的缺乏而影响清洁生产的实施效果进行了反思,提出了基于市场的清洁生产推动机制的设想。