漆酶改性玉米秸秆髓的制备及其吸油特性

采用绿色生物酶技术改性玉米秸秆髓（CSP）,在CSP表面由漆酶催化接枝十八胺,以提高材料的亲油疏水性能,制得高效吸油剂LCSP.研究了改性温度、改性时间、TEMPO浓度、漆酶用量及十八胺浓度等因素对LCSP亲油疏水性能的影响,同时采用SEM、BET、XRD、接触角、FTIR、XPS等分析技术对改性前后CSP理化特性进行表征,并进行了吸油研究.结果表明,在35℃下,投加100U/g的漆酶、4.48mmol/LTEMPO、8.91mmol/L十八胺,改性CSP6h,制得的材料吸油量最大、吸水量最小,油吸附量从13.24g/g提升至40.82g/g,水吸附量从13.76g/g降至3.83g/g.吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型,吸附剂的重复利用实验表明本方法制备的材料具有良好回收再利用能力.     

漆酶包埋修饰阴极提高生物-电-芬顿处理聚醚废水处理效率

利用漆酶包埋修饰碳毡阴极构建微生物燃料电池-电-芬顿体系强化降解聚醚废水.结果表明,在pH为4,漆酶浓度为7 mg·mL~(-1)时,24 h后阴极室聚醚废水COD降解率达68.1%,比未修饰的碳毡阴极提高28%.漆酶修饰阴极强化电池的产电性能和提高H_2O_2的浓度,且H_2O_2的浓度在此工艺中起关键作用.微生物燃料电池最大电压达548 mV,H_2O_2最大浓度为3.14 mg·L~(-1),分别比碳毡阴极提高21.8%和25.6%.从三维荧光谱图中得出聚醚废水中的双酚和甲苯二胺等荧光物质被降解.综上所述,漆酶包埋修饰阴极是提高MFC-electro-Fenton处理聚醚废水效率的有效途径.     

新型反应器式BOD快速测定仪的性能研究

BOD是反映水体有机污染的主要参数,广泛应用于水体监测、污水处理厂的运行以及水与废水处理的教学与研究工作。传统的BOD测量需要5天,耗时费力。因此,开发BOD快速测量方法及仪器十分重要。文章针对一种新型反应器式BOD快速测定仪在仪器化过程中需要解决的一些问题进行了探讨。包括固定化微生物颗粒制备、反应温度的优化、有无搅拌条件、仪器性能等。实验结果表明,最适宜的测量温度为30℃,可以利用微量曝气代替磁力搅拌,以方便仪器的制作。在对150mg/L的GGA标准液进行的5次测定实验中,测量结果的最大偏差≤10%,精密度为4.6%。该仪器的灵敏度与准确性均能满足BOD快速测量要求。     

Biosorption of uranium (VI) by immobilized Aspergillus fumigatus beads

Biosorption of uranium (VI) ions by immobilized Aspergillus fumigatus beads was investigated in a batch system. The influences of solution pH, biosorbent dose, U (VI) concentration, and contact time on U (VI) biosorption were studied. The results indicated that the adsorption capacity was strongly affected by the solution pH, the biosorbent dose and initial U (VI) concentration. Optimum biosorption was observed at pH 5.0, biosrobent dose (w/v) 2.5%, initial U (VI) concentration 60 mg L⁻¹. Biosorption equilibrium was established in 120 min. The adsorption process conformed to the Freunlich and Temkin isothermal adsorption models. The dynamic adsorption model conformed to pseudo-second order model.     

温敏核不育水稻双低-S单胞期花药蛋白质的固相双向电泳分析

对温敏感核不育水稻双低-S不同温度下的单胞期花药蛋白质进行固相双向电泳分离,经银染后,获得了清晰而稳定的图谱。以300ug左右的蛋白质进行电泳,分离开的蛋白点(多肽)可超过500个.在32℃温度下的花药蛋白点要比19℃温度下多,其中蛋白质点(MW14KD,pI5.4)在19℃可育条件时稳定出现。32℃不育条件时却缺失;而蛋白质点(pI7.6)和蛋白质点(pI7.8)非常明显的在不育条件下出现,而在可育条件下缺失。     

Depolymerization of polyaromatic hydrocarbons by Penicillium spp. inhabit the phyllosphere of urban ornamental plants

A variety of anthropogenic sources release hazardous polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) into the phyllosphere which is an excellent niche for diverse fungi, and some of them have PAHs degradation capabilities. Therefore, this research attempted to determine the PAHs (phenanthrene, anthracene, naphthalene, and pyrene) degradation capability of phyllosphere inhabited Penicillium species. The leaf samples were collected from highly polluted urban areas (Panchikawatta, Pettah, Orugodawatta, Maradana, Sapugaskanda, and Colombo Fort) in Sri Lanka to isolate fungal species inhabiting the phyllosphere. Furthermore, their distribution patterns among the leaf tissue layers were studied using bright-field microscopic observations. Moreover, the best PAH degraders were screened out using plate assays and confirmed through High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis. Further, their enzymatic activities during the PAHs degradation were analyzed. As per the microscopic observations, the highest fungal distribution was in the upper epidermis of the leaves followed by the fungal distribution in the interspaces of palisade mesophyll layers. Out of isolated fungal species, two Penicillium spp. (Penicillium citrinum P₂₃B-91 and Penicillium griseofulvum P₉B - 30) showed the highest PAHs (phenanthrene, anthracene, naphthalene, and pyrene) degradation capabilities. Manganese peroxidase (MnP) enzyme dominated phenanthrene degradation in P. griseofulvum P₉B - 30, which showed the highest phenanthrene degradation ability (61%). In addition, P. citrinum P23B-91 was good at degrading anthracene (88%) and also displayed a higher MnP activity during the anthracene degradation than laccase and lignin peroxidase activities. The discoveries from the toxicity assay during the PAHs degradation processes revealed that the produced byproducts had no toxic effects on the fungal growth cycle and the phyllosphere. Therefore this phyllosphere Penicillium spp. are ideal for the bioremediation of polluted air in urbanized areas.     

磁性Fe3O4/石墨烯异质结固定漆酶特性及其对水中双酚A的降解研究

以磁性石墨烯为载体制备了磁性石墨烯固定化漆酶,考察了固定化漆酶的酶学特性及其对双酚A（BPA）的降解效能。结果表明,氧化石墨烯的比表面积高达726.34 m2·g-1,与游离漆酶相比,经过石墨烯固定化后漆酶对酸的适应能力、耐热性和贮存稳定性均有所提高,pH值2.0~4.0范围内固定化漆酶活性较为稳定;加入变性剂尿素（1 mol·L-1）后,固定化漆酶的相对活性为87%,游离漆酶相对活性仅为63.02%,固定化导致抗变性剂能力增强。固定化漆酶和游离漆酶活性分别在45和40℃时达到最大值。与游离漆酶相比,固定化漆酶最佳反应温度升高了5℃,且在50℃时,固定化漆酶的相对活性依然保持在95.11%;25℃,pH值4.0条件下保存10 d,固定化漆酶活性为最初活性的82.57%;固定化漆酶具有良好的重复利用性,重复利用10次后,漆酶活性仍为最初活性的82.01%。固定化酶的米氏常数Km为5.38×10-4 mol·L-1,较游离酶的大,说明固定化酶与底物的亲和力比游离酶小。磁性石墨烯固定化漆酶具有良好的吸附能力,可吸附-催化氧化水中的 BPA,且石墨烯良好的吸附作用促进了催化反应,水中BPA质量浓度为15 mg·L-1时,经过18 h反应,BPA的去除率能达到82.14%左右。本研究的结果为石墨烯新型材料固定化漆酶及其应用提供了参考。     

漆酶对染料废水脱色的应用研究

漆酶是一种含铜的多酚氧化酶,近年来在染料废水脱色领域的应用研究取得了长足发展.染料废水具有产生量大、危害性强、难于生物降解等特点,对印染废水脱色研究发现,漆酶是处理染料废水最具潜力的生物酶.当前研究最为广泛的是真菌漆酶与细菌漆酶.真菌漆酶具有作用pH偏酸性、适宜温度范围窄、培养周期长、易纯化等特点,细菌漆酶具有作用pH与适宜温度范围较广、培养周期短、不易纯化等特点.将漆酶在载体上进行固定化,可达到便捷高效、重复使用的目的,载体材料不断优化,推动漆酶实现更广泛的实际应用.     

Biosynthesis and Characterization of Laccase Catalyzed Poly(Catechol)

Enzymatic polymerization of catechol was conducted batch-wise using laccase enzyme produced by the culture Trametes versicolor (ATCC 200801). The polymerization reaction was carried out in 1:1 (v/v) aqueous-acetone solution, buffered at pH 5.0 with sodium acetate (50 mM) in a sealed, temperature-controlled reactor at 25°C. The molecular weight of the produced polymer was determined with GPC. FT-IR, DSC, and TGA were employed to investigate the structure and thermal behavior of synthesized poly(catechol). It was found that catechol units were linked together with ether bonds and thermal stability of the catechol increased in the poly(catechol) polymeric structure effectively. The number average molecular weight of poly(catechol) was found as 813 ± 3 Da with a very narrow polydispersity value of 1.17 showing selective polymerization of catechol by the enzyme.     

固定化微生物技术在废气处理中的研究进展

介绍了固定化微生物的制备方法和载体选择，综述了国内外采用固定化微生物技术处理各种废气的研究和应用现状，并提出了固定化微生物技术进一步发展的方向。