广州港近年船舶油污事故的分析

广州港辖区近年来船舶油污事故不断，但相应的油污防备、反应、立法仍没有实质性的进展。文中就典型事故作了分析，提出了对船舶油污防备的建议。     

Oil spill model development and application for emergency response system

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＯｉｌｉｓａｋｉｎｄｏｆｎｅｃｅｓｓａｒｙｅｎｅｒｇｙａｎｄｒｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｉｎｐｒｅｓｅｎｔｈｕｍａｎｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎａｎｄｄａｉｌｙｌｉｆｅ.Ｂｕｔａｓｓｏｏｎａｓｏｉｌｓｐｉｌｌｉｎｇａｔｔｈｅｓｅａ,ｉｔｗｉｌｌｂｅｃｏｍｅａｄｉｓａｓｔｅｒｓｏｕｒｃｅｐｏｌｌｕｔｉｎｇｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｎｄｄｅｓｔｒｏｙｉｎｇｅｃｏｌｏｇｙ.Ｒｅｌａｔｅｄｔｏｍａｎｙｏｉｌｓｐｉｌｌｆａｔｅｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｅｓ,ｏｉｌｓｐｉｌｌｍｏｄｅｌｉｓａｋｉｎｄｏｆｃｏｍｐｒｅｈｅｎ…     

草甸棕壤中镉、铅、油含量对微生物类群和生化活性的影响

本研究以重金属化合物(CdCl_2、PbCl_2)和矿物油作为土壤的污染物,分析土壤中镉、铅、油的含量对土壤微生物类群与生化活性的影响。结果表明,镉、铅、油对水旱田中的细菌抑制作用比较明显,对放线菌、真菌抑制作用较差。小剂量的镉、铅、油对固氮菌有刺激作用,大剂量则有抑制作用。对尿酶和硝化细菌的代谢有明显抑制作用,对其它酶类不明显。 从含重金属的平板培养基上反映出土壤对重金属的掩蔽作用。污染物对微生物的生化活性的临界毒害浓度分别为:镉 5—60ppm;铅 300—500ppm;油 500—5000ppm。     

电凝聚处理轧制乳化废水的研究

用电凝聚法处理轧制乳化废水,探讨了影响破乳的各种因素,确定了最佳处理条件。研究结果表明:该法处理轧制乳化废水的效果很好,浊度去除率可达99.6%,COD去除率达99.5%。此外,还发现电凝聚法的处理效果优于药剂絮凝法。     

钼磷酸氧化萜烯醇光度法测定矿山废水中松脂油（二号油）

在文献的基础上，利用钼磷酸在浓硫酸作用下于乙醇介质中优先氧化萜烯酸及其衍生物，而本身被还原为钼兰的性质，本文建立了测定矿山废水中松脂油的方法，方法检出限为０．００６ｍｇ／５ｍｌ，回收率在８８％—１０７％之间，相对标准偏差为５．０５％。本文还对钼磷酸的溶剂选择，钼磷酸和浓硫酸的用量对吸光度的影响，以及浓盐酸的用量对萃取效率影响做了详细研究。     

石油野外施工作业OSH、HSE管理

长庆钻井野外施工作业队伍依据OSH，HSE管理体系的基本要求和国际通用做法，吸取与壳牌公司在长北区块的合作经验。学习国际上杜邦，阿莫科等石油公司的HSE合作案卷，翻阅了苏丹中国项目组HSE例卷，结合长庆钻井的实际情况。在野外施工作业队伍实施OSH，HSE管理，创新了17项管理技术。提升了作业队伍现场管理水平，步入与国际惯例接轨的行列，提高了经济效益。     

一起油罐爆炸火灾原因调查及分析

对一起油罐爆炸火灾事故进行了调查，对回流油速度进行了测算，从静电的产生和放电、爆炸性气体混合物的形成进行了分析和研究，指出了火灾原因，提出了应吸取的教训。     

Management of hazardous waste in Thailand: present situation and future prospects

 This paper deals with the present scenario of hazardous waste management practices in Thailand, and gives some insights into future prospects. Industrialization in Thailand has systematically increased the generation of hazardous waste. The total hazardous waste generated in 2001 was 1.65 million tons. It is estimated that over 300 million kg/year of hazardous waste is generated from nonindustrial, community sources (e.g., batteries, fluorescent lamps, cleansing chemicals, pesticides). No special facilities are available for handling these wastes. There are neither well-established systems for separation, storage, collection, and transportation, nor the effective enforcement of regulations related to hazardous wastes management generated from industrial or nonindustrial sectors. Therefore, because of a lack of treatment and disposal facilities, these wastes find their way into municipal wastewaters, public landfills, nearby dump sites, or waterways, raising serious environmental concern. Furthermore, Thailand does not have an integrated regulatory framework regarding the monitoring and management of hazardous materials and wastes. In addition to the absence of a national definition of hazardous wastes, limited funding has caused significant impediments to the effective management of hazardous waste. Thus, current waste management practices in Thailand present significant potential hazards to humans and the environment. The challenging issues of hazardous waste management in Thailand are not only related to a scarcity of financial resources (required for treatment and disposal facilities), but also to the fact that there has been no development of appropriate technology following the principles of waste minimization and sustainable development. A holistic approach to achieving effective hazardous waste management that integrates the efforts of all sectors, government, private, and community, is needed for the betterment of human health and the environment. Received: February 26, 2001 / Accepted: October 11, 2002     

贵州木本食用油料资源及其开发利用

对贵州野生特有和稀有的大宗木本食用油料的种类、分布、现状等进行了分析，提出了提高大宗食用木本油料经营水平，选择利用野生木本油料植物资源，加强特有和稀有资源的保护、驯化和繁殖等开发利用建议。