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11.
A.?LebedevEmail author N.?Sinikova S.?Nikolaeva O.?Poliakova M.?Khrushcheva S.?Pozdnyakov 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2003,1(1):107-112
To estimate air pollution snow samples were collected in March 2001 at six sites in the vicinity of the Kostomuksha factory
in Karelia. Seventy-two chemical elements and more than 200 individual organic compounds were identified by inductively coupled
plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). It was found that the levels of Li, B,
Al, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Hg, Mn, Mo as well as hydrocarbons, phthalates and phenols exceeded the existing maximum allowable concentrations.
A list of toxicants emitted with the factory exhausts and a list of priority pollutants for Kostomuksha were compiled. The
impact of the exhausts of the Kostomuksha factory on the environment in Finland is relatively small.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
12.
13.
杂草对重金属的生物积累特性的研究 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
采用小区实验法对东北地区 1 1科 2 2种田间杂草进行重金属累积特性研究。结果表明 :欧洲千里光、巨荬菜、欧亚旋覆花、猪毛蒿、黄花蒿、石防风和柳叶刺蓼 7种植物对 Cd的富集系数最大 ,且地上部 Cd的含量大于根部 Cd的含量 ,具备了重金属超富集植物的基本特征 ;植物地上部重金属含量与植物上部生物量的大小无关 ;以杂草为研究对象 ,有可能筛选出地上部重金属富集量大并且地上部生物量也高的超富集植物。 相似文献
14.
Bacterial systems have not had success predicting metal carcinogenicity. Hypotheses explaining this failure are examined. Using a broad genetic endpoint, λ prophage induction, under sub‐toxic growing conditions, genotoxicity is seen for compounds of chromium, manganese, lead, molybdenum and tungsten. Copper, manganese, arsenic and molybdenum compounds enhanced UV mutagenesis in E. coli WP2. The toxicity of metal compounds to cultured mammalian cells correlates well with rat oral LD50 values. Whereas insolubility can present problems in bacterial studies, concentrations of metal compounds toxic to mammalian cells can be determined even in the presence of precipitate, and sometimes [Pb(NO3)2, BaCl2 and BeCl2] occurs only in its presence. PbS and MnS, which are insoluble, are much more toxic than the more soluble compounds Pb(NO3)2 and MnCl2. These results demonstrate the importance of cellular phagocytosis of insoluble metal compounds as a factor in studying the toxicity and genotoxicity of metal compounds. 相似文献
15.
Ibtihel Saidi Olfa Ben Said Jamel Ben Abdelmalek Soufiane Jouili Luis Chicharo Hamouda Beyrem 《Chemistry and Ecology》2013,29(8):746-774
ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to assess the consequences of human impact on the characteristics of sediments heavy metal concentration, grain size and its influence on the structure of the microbial and meiofaunal community assemblages. A survey was carried out in July 2013 within six sites located in the Bizerte Lagoon (Tunisia), both downstream and upstream of industrial effluents. The highest total sediment metal concentrations were detected in stations located close to the industrial sewage discharge points. In these stations, the lowest densities of the total meiofauna (33?±?13?ind/10?cm?2) and conversely the highest densities of cultivable bacteria that are heavy metal resistant have been reported (16?±?80.34?CFU?g?1). Univariate (ANOVA) and multivariate (MDS/CCA) analyses demonstrate high dissimilarity (0.06) in meiofaunal and bacterial community structures between downstream and upstream industrial sewages. Furthermore, canonical correspondence analysis CCA results indicated that heavy metal sediment contamination promoted bacteria that are resistant to heavy metals, while heterotrophic bacteria supported the development of meiofauna taxa. The results highlight the importance of bacteria/meiofauna interactions, as both meiofaunal and microbial communities give indications of the ecological impact of heavy metal contamination in sediment. 相似文献
16.
Moreno-Jiménez E Vázquez S Carpena-Ruiz RO Esteban E Peñalosa JM 《Journal of environmental management》2011,92(6):1584-1590
Re-vegetation is the main aim of ecological restoration projects, and in Mediterranean environments native plants are desirable to achieve successful restoration. In 1998, the burst of a tailings dam flooded the Guadiamar river valley downstream from Aznalcóllar (Southern Spain) with sludges that contained elevated concentrations of metals and metalloids, polluting soils and waters. A phytoremediation experiment to assess the potential use of native shrub species for the restoration of soils affected by the spillage was performed from 2005 to 2007, with soils divided into two groups: pH < 5 and pH > 5. Four native shrubs (Myrtus communis, Retama sphaerocarpa, Rosmarinus officinalis and Tamarix gallica) were planted and left to grow without intervention. Trace element concentrations in soils and plants, their extractability in soils, transfer factors and plant survival were used to identify the most-interesting species for phytoremediation. Total As was higher in soils with pH < 5. Ammonium sulphate-extractable zinc, copper, cadmium and aluminium concentrations were higher in very-acid soils, but arsenic was extracted more efficiently when soil pH was >5. Unlike As, which was either fixed by Fe oxides or retained as sulphide, the extractable metals showed significant relationships with the corresponding total soil metal concentration and inverse relationships with soil pH. T. gallica, R. officinalis and R. sphaerocarpa survived better in soils with pH > 5, while M. communis had better survival at pH < 5. R. sphaerocarpa showed the highest survival (30%) in all soils. Trace element transfer from soil to harvestable parts was low for all species and elements, and some species may have been able to decrease trace element availability in the soil. Our results suggest that R. sphaerocarpa is an adequate plant species for phytostabilising these soils, although more research is needed to address the self-sustainability of this remediation technique and the associated environmental changes. 相似文献
17.
Yuwei Guo Xian Xiao Yuan Zhao Jianguo Liu Jizhong Zhou Bo Sun Yuting Liang 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2022,16(7):91
18.
Al-Khashman OA 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2007,29(1):1-10
Street dust samples (120 in total) were collected under stable weather conditions during the hot, dry season (August and September)
of 2004 from six different localities (industrial, heavy traffic, medium traffic, light traffic, low traffic and rural) in
greater Amman, the capital of Jordan. The concentrations of Fe, Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn and Ni in the dusts were determined by atomic
absorption spectrophotometry. The high concentrations of Pb, Fe and Zn in the street dust samples were related to both anthropogenic
(industrial sources combined with traffic sources) and natural sources. Surprisingly, the concentrations of Cd in the dusts
were low. Correlation coefficient analysis and principle component analysis identified three main sources of these elements
and the corresponding distributions. The elements Pb, Zn, Cd, Fe, Cu and Ni were mainly derived from industrial sources, with
Pb and Zn additionally derived from traffic sources. The street dusts were found to have highly elevated levels of Zn, particularly
along the main trunk roads, indicating that the Zn in the street dusts may be derived from traffic sources, especially vehicle
tyres. The concentrations of metals in the different street dust samples were found to vary depending on the density of traffic. 相似文献
19.
Solvent-based separation method is presumably an efficient and environmentally beneficial approach for elimination of brominated flame retardants (BFRs) from waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE). The overall goal of this study was to evaluate possible effects of organic solvent on the behavior of BFRs during solvent-based processing of WEEE. We initiated a set of batch experiments for examining the rates and possible pathways of transformation of a representative BFR (tetrabromobisphenol A, TBBPA) using acetone, toluene, and methanol as the solvents. Our results showed that toluene and methanol had no effect on the transformation of TBBPA, but approximately 20% of TBBPA (100 mg L−1) was transformed by acetone within 2 h at 50 °C. Analysis of the products with GC-MS showed that two high-molecular-weight products (MW = 586) were major products of the transformation reactions. The role of acetone as a reactant in the transformation of TBBPA was further validated with dueterated acetone. In addition, the effects of co-existing metals in WEEE (i.e., Zn, Cu, and Ni) on the transformation of TBBPA in the solvent systems were investigated. These metals tested were found to greatly enhance the rates of TBBPA transformation. The metal facilitated solvent reactions with TBBPA may lower the extractability of TBBPA by formation of larger and less soluble products, hence potentially increasing the cost for separating the chemical from WEEE. 相似文献
20.
Since the development of the TIE (Toxicity Identification and Evaluation) in 1988 it has been assumed that the capacity of EDTA and sodium thiosulfate to complex some metals, and thus remove their toxicity, can be applied to both freshwater and seawater ecotoxicological tests and the results subsequently interpreted. However, it is now known that there is a wide variability in the extent of this complexation. In this context, the removal of toxicity caused by the presence of Hg2+, Cd2+, Cu2+, Cr6+, Zn2+, Ni2+, Pb2+, Ag1+ and Se2+, through metal complexation by EDTA and sodium thiosulfate, in relation to the performance of embryo-larval tests with the sea urchin Arbacia lixula was investigated. It was observed that EDTA was capable of removing the toxicity of Pb2+, Zn2+ and Cu2+ while sodium thiosulfate only reduced the toxicity of Ag1+. Compared to the complexation observed in freshwater ecotoxicological tests, the complexing agents used in this study (EDTA and sodium thiosulfate) have a lower capacity to complex metals in the marine ecotoxicological test with A. lixula. 相似文献