淮河污染浅析

淮河治污一直是各级环保部门较为关注的问题。本文从淮河污染源排放、水资源利用、产业结构以及农村面源污染方面对淮河流域污染成因进行了初步探讨,并根据线性模型对淮河水质进行了验证和预测,同时提出了一些污染治理建议。     

重点污染源污染物排放总量监测管理信息系统

“江苏重点污染源污染物排放总量监测管理信息系统”软件是以全省重点污染源年排放申报登记数据和江苏省环境水系的编码成果作为系统设计的基础。该系统的功能框架设计是在征求了环境监测管理部门使用意见后逐步形成的，系统设计采用分模块平行开发方式，以微软新一代先进的开发平台，NET作为开发环境，用Access数据库管理软件存储全省总量监测数据。该系统具有对重点污染源废水，废气污染物监测的收集，汇总，分析，查询和报表打印等功能。     

Including past and present impacts in cumulative impact assessments

Environmental concerns such as loss of biological diversity and stratospheric ozone depletion have heightened awareness of the need to assess cumulative impacts in environmental documents. More than 20 years of experience with the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) have provided analysts in the United States with opportunities for developing successful techniques to assess site-specific impacts of proposed actions. Methods for analyzing a proposed action's incremental contribution to cumulative impacts are generally less advanced than those for project-specific impacts.The President's Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ) defines cumulative impact to include the impacts of past, present and reasonably foreseeable future actions regardless of who undertakes the action. Court decisions have helped clarify the distinction between reasonably foreseeable future actions and other possible future actions. This paper seeks to clarify how past and present impacts should be included in cumulative impact analyses.The definition of cumulative impacts implies that cumulative impact analyses should include the effects of all past and present actions on a particular resource. Including past and present impacts in cumulative impact assessments increases the likelihood of identifying significant impacts. NEPA requires agencies to give more consideration to alternatives and mitigation and to provide more opportunities for public involvement for actions that would have significant impacts than for actions that would not cause or contribute to significant impacts. For an action that would contribute to significant cumulative impacts, the additional cost and effort involved in increased consideration of alternatives and mitigation and in additional public involvement may be avoided if the action can be modified so that its contributions to significant cumulative impacts are eliminated.Managed by Lockheed Martin Energy Research Corporation under contract DE-AC05-84OR21400 with the US Department of Energy.     

试论衡水湖湿地生态旅游开发

衡水湖国家级自然保护区不仅具有丰富的生物多样性、优美的自然风光,还有悠久的历史文化,具备开展生态旅游得天独厚的先决条件。本文初步探讨了衡水湖开展湿地生态旅游的优势和原则。     

神山国家森林公园的森林旅游开发

森林旅游是生态旅游的重要形式之一,开展森林旅游已成为一种新的消费时尚,也是当今世界旅游的热点.介绍了神山国家森林公园优越的自然条件、丰富的森林旅游资源和人文旅游资源,分析了目前建设森林公园存在的问题,提出了发展森林旅游的建议.     

因地制宜建设好彭州市国家级生态示范区

生态示范区建设是实施可持续发展战略的基本经济社会形式。本文简单介绍了彭州市的概况，根据建设的指导思想、建设目标，对彭州市进行生态经济分区，并确定了分区规划目标，相应的提出了重点建设领域，为当地开展生态示范区建设工作提供了理论参考。     

自然灾害发生时间序列的分形特征及R/S分析

统计了公元960年到1979年我国地震、洪涝和台风风暴潮灾害发生的时间及死亡人数,以分形几何中的Cantor集合为模型,发现我国自然灾害发生时间序列的分布呈现出明显的分形特征,并采用Smalley方法分别计算了不同灾害发生时间序列分布的分维值,它们均在0.5左右,同严格意义上的数学分形Cantor集合相比分维较小,说明我国地震等自然灾害发生发展的自组织程度还有进一步发展的趋势,其危害程度将可能进一步提高;在自然灾害发生时间序列的分形特征的基础上,通过R/S分析,得出3种自然灾害发生时间序列的H指数均在0.28左右,同日斑指数、树木年轮、湖泊水位变化等自然现象相比较小,说明自然灾害的发生具有短程相关性,其发生规律没有日斑指数等自然现象明显.该研究对于进一步认识和研究我国地震等自然灾害的发生规律和发展趋势等具有一定意义.     

混沌理论在事故分析及预测中的应用

在对江苏常州市某公司安全事故资料进行大量调查与统计的基础上,应用混沌理论分析了该公司安全事故的混沌特征,指出了事故对初始条件的敏感依赖性和事故的长期不可预测性。应用重构相空间理论对安全事故次数的时间序列进行了分析和预测。同时,还对安全事故统计资料进行了R/S分析,得出该时间序列以2 0 0 1年6月为界限,存在两个Hurst指数,H1=1.6 82 8和H2 =0 .2 936 ,表明在以3个月为时间统计尺度的条件下,事故发生次数在前一时间段整体表现为持久相关性,而在后一时间段表现为反持久相关性。预测与分析结果与实际情况符合较好,表明应用混沌理论进行事故分析与预测是可行的,反映了事故的发展趋势。     

Access数据库加密系统安全性剖析及改进策略

MSAccess是国内中小型企业的MIS广泛采用的数据库系统,它开发和维护都很方便,而且数据处理功能强大,是目前应用最为广泛地中小型数据库系统。但是由于其在加密方面设计欠周密,造成用户可以通过日期字段等方式对隐藏的密钥进行还原,使之成为该种数据库系统首要安全问题。笔者对其加密系统的漏洞和各种获取Access数据库密码的方式进行分析,提出一种通用的动态密钥空间加密技术改进和保护同类问题数据库系统。该技术具有密码保护的通用性和确保加密信息安全的特殊性;必定能为目前广大的MSAccess用户现存的数据安全问题的解决提供良好的思路和实施方法。同时它也给具有类似安全漏洞的大型数据库的加密体系的设计提供一个极好的新策略。     

The Appropriateness of Snowmobiling in National Parks: An Investigation of the Meanings of Snowmobiling Experiences in Yellowstone National Park

The debate over snowmobiling and other types of motorized recreation in US national parks signals the need for a better understanding of the meanings of these experiences. The fundamental issue facing many parks is whether snowmobiling is an appropriate activity. The matter of appropriateness is anchored in two questions: (1) Does snowmobiling in national parks cause unacceptable biophysical and social impacts? (2) Are snowmobiling experiences consistent with the fundamental purposes of national parks? This article particularly addresses the appropriateness issue and presents the findings of an interpretive study of the meanings of snowmobiling experiences in Yellowstone National Park (YNP). Sixty-five semistructured interviews were conducted with winter visitors who used snowmobiles in the park during the winter season of 1999. Overall, the study findings reveal that visitors on snowmobiles view YNP as a place to experience its wildland attributes, such as natural scenery, geothermal features, and, especially, wildlife. Snowmobiling is perceived as a mode of transportation rather than the experience in and of itself. The results challenge the popular image of snowmobiles as thrill-craft and snowmobilers as thrill-seekers. The study demonstrates that snowmobiling in YNP affords highly meaningful recreational experiences, grounded in appreciating the park’s unique natural features and attributes.