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101.
表面活性剂洗脱污染土壤中多氯联苯(PCBs)的研究与应用 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
多氯联苯(PCBs)为一类在环境中广泛分布且难以降解的持久性有机污染物。利用表面活性剂亲油和亲水的两亲特性.将多氯联苯从土壤中洗脱出来,从而修复受污染土壤是当前环境研究的热点之一。文章综述了近年来国内外使用表面活性剂溶液修复多氯联苯污染土壤的研究进展。表面活性剂对土壤中多氯联苯的洗脱作用主要是:(1)表面活性剂通过减小液一固之间的表面张力,将阻塞在土壤孔隙中的多氯联苯分散到溶液中来;(2)表面活性剂通过形成胶束,促使多氯联苯从土壤中重新分配到疏水的胶束核中。洗脱效果与表面活性剂种类、性质、质量浓度及土壤成份有关,通常非离子型表面活性剂效果较好,对多氯联苯的洗脱可达86%。含多氯联苯洗脱液可利用生物降解、紫外光照射及焚烧等方法进行后续处理。 相似文献
102.
高小杰 《生态与农村环境学报》1997,(1)
以WHO/FAO规定的日允许摄入量换算得到的标准评价了南京市郊主要蔬菜品种的NO-3污染状况。结果表明,双闸镇蔬菜基地的大白菜和青菜样品属重污染,菠菜属轻污染,萝卜污染程度居中,因而有必要采取有效的污染防治措施 相似文献
103.
应用工厂废弃物—铁屑做原料,探讨不同铁屑投加量对修复不同土壤类型、不同程度汞污染土壤的能力,并与修复水体汞污染作了对比;另外,首次将淋滤法与国际上新兴的土壤、地下水修复技术-PRB技术结合,研究其修复土壤汞污染的效果。结果表明,废铁屑可很快去除水体中的汞,去除率可达93%;在铁屑存在下,能一定程度预防和修复土壤汞污染,在相同水体汞污染程度条件下,时间是影响土壤汞污染程度的主要因素;在CaCl2淋洗液作用下的模拟PRB实验中,土壤有效汞含量降低,同时淋洗液中汞质量浓度低于1μg·L-1。因此,用废铁屑能有效预防和修复土壤汞污染,且将淋滤法与PRB技术联用,与将铁屑直接撒入土壤中相比效果好得多,且不会引起后续的水体二次污染,是一种很有应用潜力、值得深入研究的土壤修复方法。 相似文献
104.
Felicia J. Higgs Howard W. Mielke Michelle Brisco 《Environmental geochemistry and health》1999,21(1):27-36
Soil studies, conducted in Maryland, Minnesota and Louisiana, have described the urban pattern of lead contamination. They have shown that the highest amounts of lead cluster within the interior of the largest cities. The results of the New Orleans urban patterns of distribution of soil lead provided the basis for further study. The hypothesis was tested that elementary school properties have the same pattern of soil lead contamination as their neighbouring residential communities. Thirty New Orleans Public Elementary Schools were selected for this study. Surface samples (2.5cm or 1 inch depth) were collected from playgrounds and next to entrances of each school. Results showed that soil lead on school properties follows the same relative contamination patterns (pvalue10–5) as soil lead on residential properties of neighbouring communities. Schools however, have significantly lower lead contamination than the neighbouring residential properties. Innercity school properties present a higher risk of soil lead exposure than mid and outercity schools. Soils next to innercity school entrances showed the highest lead, with 18.5% having concentrations over 400gg–1. Systematic landscaping around the school entrances would significantly reduce the hazard from lead dust contaminated soils. 相似文献
105.
In this study two sites were selected in order to investigate groundwater contamination and spatial relationships among groundwater quality, topography, geology, landuse and pollution sources. One site is the Asan area, an agricultural district where pollution sources are scattered and which is mainly underlain by granite of Cretaceous age. The other site is the Gurogu area of Seoul city, an industrial district where an industrial complex and residential areas are located and which is mainly underlain by gneiss of Precambrian age. Groundwater samples collected from these districts were analysed for chemical constituents. An attribute value files of chemical constituents of groundwater and the spatial data layers were constructed and pollution properties were investigated to establish out spatial relationships between the groundwater constituents and pollution sources using geographic information systems (GIS).Relatively high contents of Si and HCO3
– in the groundwater from the Asan area reflect the effect of water–rock interaction whereas high contents of Cl–, NO3
– and Ca2+ in the groundwater from the Gurogu area are due to the pollution of various sources. The significant seasonal variation of SiO2, HCO2
– and Ca2+ contents, and that of Ca2+ content were observed in the Asan and the Gurogu areas, respectively. Seasonal variation of pollutants such as Cl–, NO3
– and SO4
2– was not observed in either area. Pollution over the critical level of the Korean drinking water standard has been investigated from 15 sampling sites out of 40 in the Asan area, and 33 sampling sites out of 51 in the Gurogu area. Pollution by NO3
–, Cl–, Fe2+, Mn2+, SO4
2– and Zn2+ in the groundwater from the industrial district (Gurogu area) and that of NO3
, SO4
2– and Zn2+ in the groundwater from the agricultural district (Asan area) were observed. The principal pollutant in both areas is NO3
–. Deep groundwater from the Asan area is not yet contaminated with NO3
– except for one site, but most of the shallow groundwater site occurring near the potential point sources is seriously contaminated. From the result of buffering analysis, it seems clear that factories and stock farms are the principal pollution sources in the Asan area. The groundwater from the Gurogu area has already been seriously polluted considering the fact of NO3
– contamination of deep groundwater. Chlorine pollution of shallow groundwater in the Gurogu area was also observed. Spatial relationship between pollution level and its source was clarified in this study by using GIS, which will be applicable to the effective management of groundwater quality. 相似文献
106.
Zn、Cu和Pb在无齿相手蟹体内的积累和分布 总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15
以长江河口湿地生态系统中一种习见的大型底栖动物无齿相手蟹Sesarm dehaani为研究对象,分析了Zn、Cu和Pb在该动物体内的积累和分布特性。结果表明,无齿相手蟹对这3种重金属的积累在不同部位间均存在着显著的差异,而在不同样点间差异都不显著。动物对Zn和Cu积累能力最强的部位都是鳃,最弱的部位分别是内脏和螯肢。无齿相手蟹各部位对和Pb的积累均很低,且对Pb的排泄明显大于吸收。污染评价表明,本研究所有样点的无齿相手蟹均还没有受到Zn、Cu和Pb的污染。 相似文献
107.
108.
Compound contamination and secondary ecological effects of Cd and As in soil-alfalfa ecosystems 总被引:11,自引:3,他引:11
CompoundcontaminationandsecondaryecologicaleffectsofCdandAsinsoil-alfalfaecosystems(ZhouQixing;GaoZhengmin)(InstituteofApplie... 相似文献
109.
Use of tree rings to investigate the onset of contamination of a shallow aquifer by chlorinated hydrocarbons 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Oaks (Quercus velutina Lam.) growing over a shallow aquifer contaminated by chlorinated hydrocarbons were studied to determine if it was possible to estimate the approximate year that contamination began. The annual rings of some trees downgradient from the contaminant release site contained elevated concentrations of chloride possibly derived from dechlorination of contaminants. Additionally, a radial-growth decline began in these trees at approximately the same time that chloride became elevated. Growth did not decline in trees that contained smaller concentrations of chloride. The source of elevated chloride and the corresponding reductions in tree growth could not be explained by factors other than contamination. On the basis of tree-ring evidence alone, the release occurred in the late 1960s or early 1970s. Contaminant release at a second location apparently occurred in the mid- to late 1970s, suggesting that the area was used for disposal for at least 5 years and possibly longer. 相似文献
110.
重金属污染土壤植物修复及进展 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
土壤污染是当今面临的一个重要环境问题。常规的土壤污染物理化学治理技术 ,如客土换土法、冲洗法、热处理、固化、玻璃化、动电修复法等 ,由于其技术要求高或经济成本高昂 ,对土壤结构的扰动破坏较严重 ,因而 ,大规模推广应用存在较大问题。重金属超累积植物的不断发现 ,使人们认识到有可能利用植物于土壤污染的治理修复。自 2 0世纪 90年代起 ,植物修复成为环境污染治理研究领域的一个前沿性课题。研究表明 ,通过植物的吸收、挥发、根滤、稳定等作用 ,可以净化土壤或水体中金属污染物 ,达到净化环境的目的。近 10年来 ,在超累积植物的找寻培育、植物根际微生物共存体系研究、植物对重金属的耐忍性、超量吸收及其解毒机制以及植物修复的工艺技术方面已有不少研究 ,并取得长足的进展 ,现代分子生物学的发展以及基因工程技术的应用有可能使植物修复技术取得根本性的突破。 相似文献