钼酸铵分光光度法测定水中总磷的不确定度评估

依据JJG1059-1999对钼酸铵分光光度法测定水中总磷的不确定度进行了评估。分析了影响测量不确定度的各个因素。对测量结果的不确定度进行了评定和表述。     

磷影响下砷的根际效应及其对水稻生长的影响

通过水稻的生物量及含砷量、根际 p H值、根际有效砷的变化来研究磷影响下砷的根际效应及其对水稻生长的影响。结果表明 ,酸性紫色土中 ,无论单加砷还是磷、砷共存的处理 ,基本上 ,根际砷均高于非根际 ,砷在根际呈富集状态 ;但与单加砷相比 ,磷、砷共存的处理 ,根际 p H值下降 ,有效砷减少 ,水稻吸收砷量减少 ,生物量增加 ,水稻受砷毒害减轻 ,特别 P/As≥ 4时 ,磷减轻砷毒害的程度大于 P/As≤ 2时。因此 ,施加磷可减轻砷污染酸性紫色土上水稻砷毒害。选择最佳 P/As可使磷最大限度地减轻作物受砷的毒害。     

城市污水PIAS除磷效果初探

着重介绍ＰＩＡＳ系统处理城市污水中运行周期（Ｔ）和曝停比（ＡＮＲ）对除磷效果的影响。本试验采用正交设计安排，在污泥浓度（ＭＬＳＳ）５．６￣６．０ｇ／ｌ，污泥龄（θｃ）１２￣２０ｄ，水力停留时间（ＨＲＴ）５．０￣６．０ｈ的条件下，当曝气时间为１．５ｈ，停曝、搅拌时间为１．５ｈ，ＴＰ的去除率与Ｔ和ＡＮＲ的交互效应成正相关，而与Ｔ、ＡＮＲ成负相关。在本试验条件下，ＣＯＤ、ＴＮ和ＴＰ的去除率已可分别达到９     

A mathematical model to estimate nitrate release from ocher pellets applied to anaerobic benthic sediment

A mathematical model was developed to estimate nitrate release from ocher pellets in benthic sediment. Ocher pellets, called “limnomedicine,” consisting of ocher and calcium nitrate were used to suppress phosphorus release from contaminated sediment under anaerobic conditions. The proposed model represents the fate and transport of nitrate released from the pellets, in both the water column and the sediment. Most of the nitrate (83.6%) released from the pellets was consumed in the degradation of organic matter and FeS in the sediment over a period of 12 days. While an increase in pellet dosage helps to accelerate the sediment treatment rate, it also has the effect of increasing the mass of nitrate that diffuses into the water column. Quantitative analysis of these effects using the proposed mathematical model makes it possible to determine the proper pellet dosage based on sediment conditions such as organic matter content.     

Connecting phosphorus loss from agricultural landscapes to surface water quality

The loss of phosphorous (P) from the landscape is commonly viewed as deleterious for surface water quality. However, the quantities lost and the impact this can have on surface waters depends on numerous mechanisms that occur whilst en route. The aim of this review is to give an outline of these mechanisms and thus how sources of P in the agricultural landscape are connected to the impairment of surface water quality. Processes are dealt with by examining the potential for P loss from the landscape and its availability to aquatic plants during flow overland and subsurface flow and once in streamflow or a lake or reservoir. By examining the connectivity between P loss and the impact on surface water quality, potential mitigation and management of P losses are discussed for various aquatic systems.     

福建省土壤磷及磷肥施用研究

本文综述了建国以来福建省土壤磷及磷肥施用的研究成果,从中反映出亚热带地区土壤磷素的含量、固定、供应与有效化状况、磷肥肥效演变及其影响因素等。     

东海特定海区柱状沉积物中磷的存在形态及其环境指示意义

对国家海洋二所1998年5月调查过程中采自长江口外特定海区的柱状沉积物样品进行了系统的总磷及各形态磷分析。邻近长江口，杭州湾的MESO站位，总磷（TP）、铁结合态磷（Fe-P）和有机磷（OP）增色高于其它站位，表明来自长江、钱塘江水系的污染物已对东海海域的环境造成了一定影响。在垂直方向上，各站位TP、OP和Fe-P的含量自下而上增高，此外，Fe-P和OP由于还原溶解与生物降解等作用，倾向于进入孔隙水，参与海洋磷的再循环。吸附态磷（Ad-P）与钙结合态磷（Ca-P）的含量向上递减，与成岩期自生磷灰石的沉淀，以及磷的吸附-解吸附再平衡有关。     

缺氧条件下聚磷菌利用硝酸盐吸磷的研究

为配合某新型反硝化聚磷设备生物除磷脱氮工艺的生产试验，利用静态实验方法研究了聚磷菌在缺氧状态下以硝酸盐作氧供体时吸磷作用。实验表明，聚磷菌在缺氧条件下，会利用硝酸盐作氧供体进行吸磷，说明缺氧聚磷可代替传统的耗氧吸磷，但NO3-N浓度必须保持在0.4mg/L以上。实验还表明，不同的氮磷比对聚磷菌吸磷效果有影响，最佳氮磷比为3.2:1，此时磷的去除率可达100%，氮的去除率亦可达98%。     

黄磷诱发臭氧化处理废水实验研究

黄磷与氧气在潮湿空气中反应诱发臭氧等活性粒子,可应用于难降解的有机废水处理。实验结果表明,聚乙烯废水、乙醇废水脱色率可达77％－87％。对分散染料废水脱色率仅达26．3％。半黄磷直接投加入聚乙烯废水,乙醛废水诱发反应产生的臭氧等活性粒子通入废水的实验结果表明,以废水体积1L计,投加黄磷5g,脱色反应基本完成,脱色率达80％;CODCr去除量与黄磷投加量成正比。     

南宁市南湖沉积物磷释放的研究

采用室内试验模拟法对南宁市南湖沉积物进行磷的释放研究，测定南湖沉积物中磷释放速率及释放量，对影响南湖沉积物磷释放的各种环境因子进行研究。