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91.
Both the Aalborg Commitments and the guidance on integrated urban environmental management and sustainable urban transport
plans proposed by the EU Thematic Strategy on the Urban Environment foresee a baseline review as the first step in developing
integrated urban management plans and systems. A baseline review of urban sustainability undertaken in Riga reveals significant
discrepencies between the sustainability criteria of the Aalborg Commitments and the: responsibilities and competencies of
the municipal government and administration as defined by statutes; policy goals and measures defined in municipal planning
documents; policy goals and measures defined in the Riga Development Plan. To better orient the mandate of the municipality
towards sustainable development, municipal statutes should be supplemented to more fully reflect the issues defined by the
Aalborg Commitments and should include sustainability as a goal. In order to strengthen the implementation of sustainable
development specific policy goals, measures and targets should be formulated for all the Aalborg Commitments issues when revising
existing municipal planning documents or developing a municipal sustainable development management plan. An analysis of the
European Common Indicators and the State of the Environment in Riga 2001 indicators indicates that they can only partially
fulfill a monitoring function for the implementation of the Aalborg Commitments. This highlights a need to better coordinate
sustainable development initiatives at the European level. The methodology used for the baseline review in Riga is useful
for assessing the status of urban sustainability when preparing integrated urban management plans or systems, but requires
testing elsewhere.
Readers should send their comments on this paper to BhaskarNath@aol.com within 3 months of publication of this issue. 相似文献
92.
Nina E. Cohen Frans W. A. Brom Elsbeth N. Stassen 《Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics》2009,22(4):341-359
In this paper, we present and defend the theoretical framework of an empirical model to describe people’s fundamental moral
attitudes (FMAs) to animals, the stratification of FMAs in society and the role of FMAs in judgment on the culling of healthy
animals in an animal disease epidemic. We used philosophical animal ethics theories to understand the moral basis of FMA convictions.
Moreover, these theories provide us with a moral language for communication between animal ethics, FMAs, and public debates.
We defend that FMA is a two-layered concept. The first layer consists of deeply felt convictions about animals. The second
layer consists of convictions derived from the first layer to serve as arguments in a debate on animal issues. In a debate,
the latter convictions are variable, depending on the animal issue in a specific context, time, and place. This variability
facilitates finding common ground in an animal issue between actors with opposing convictions. 相似文献
93.
LINDA LAIKRE MIJA JANSSON FRED W. ALLENDORF SVEN JAKOBSSON NILS RYMAN 《Conservation biology》2013,27(2):248-253
The wolf (Canis lupus) is classified as endangered in Sweden by the Swedish Species Information Centre, which is the official authority for threat classification. The present population, which was founded in the early 1980s, descends from 5 individuals. It is isolated and highly inbred, and on average individuals are more related than siblings. Hunts have been used by Swedish authorities during 2010 and 2011 to reduce the population size to its upper tolerable level of 210 wolves. European Union (EU) biodiversity legislation requires all member states to promote a concept called “favourable conservation status” (FCS) for a series of species including the wolf. Swedish national policy stipulates maintenance of viable populations with sufficient levels of genetic variation of all naturally occurring species. Hunting to reduce wolf numbers in Sweden is currently not in line with national and EU policy agreements and will make genetically based FCS criteria less achievable for this species. We suggest that to reach FCS for the wolf in Sweden the following criteria need to be met: (1) a well‐connected, large, subdivided wolf population over Scandinavia, Finland, and the Russian Karelia‐Kola region should be reestablished, (2) genetically effective size (Ne) of this population is in the minimum range of Ne = 500–1000, (3) Sweden harbors a part of this total population that substantially contributes to the total Ne and that is large enough to not be classified as threatened genetically or according to IUCN criteria, and (4) average inbreeding levels in the Swedish population are <0.1. Efectos de la Cacería sobre el Estatus de Conservación Favorable de Lobos Suecos con Endogamia Alta 相似文献
94.
随着环境污染事故的不断发生和公众环境保护意识的日益增强,环境污染责任保险制度在西方主要发达国家已经有了长足的发展,并且建立了一整套完善而严密的制度体系。与此相比,我国在该领域则处于起步状态,至今尚未全面建立实质意义上的环境污染责任保险制度。本文以实施环境污染责任保险的意义为基础,对我国环境污染责任保险制度现状及存在的问题进行了剖析,并提出了若干对策建议,以期推动我国环境污染责任保险制度的发展。 相似文献
95.
秦皇岛海岸侵蚀动态研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
刘松涛 《中国环境管理干部学院学报》2012,(1):25-28
利用不同时期的地形图、遥感图片对比,并选取典型海岸岸滩监测剖面实测数据,对海岸侵蚀现状进行了分析和定量计算。分析结果显示,秦皇岛海岸全线处于侵蚀状态,平均蚀退率1.5~4 m/a,根据蚀退率可将秦皇岛海岸划分为严重侵蚀、强侵蚀、侵蚀、微侵蚀、稳定5种岸线侵蚀类型。 相似文献
96.
分析了2009年9月26日美国对中国轮胎进口实施的特别保护措施,运用国际贸易和国际经济学的相关理论,对美国轮胎特保法案进行了剖析。在目前中美轮胎贸易情况下,从宏观和微观的角度探讨了轮胎贸易顺差形成的原因,以及长期和短期内对中国经济的影响,并对中国轮胎出口贸易提出了几点政策建议。 相似文献
97.
Himayatullah Khan Ehsan Inamullah Khadija Shams 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2009,11(2):375-392
This study explores the interlinkages among population, environment and poverty and presents empirical evidence in a developing
country like Pakistan. It gives alternative views on population environment linkages. It explains poverty trap, market based
harmony, and dual effect of poverty on the basis of a link between population growth and natural resource degradation. In
addition, the paper also highlights social and political instability through population-poverty-environment spiral. It also
presents empirical evidence on population-environment-poverty nexus in Pakistan. It also compares environmental sustainability
index and human development index for selected Asian countries. The paper also gives scores for different components of environmental
sustainability index for Pakistan and compares these with India. The paper concludes that the causal relationship between
poverty and environment works in both directions, often through changes in GDP and population. Population stress does not
have any significant direct effect on all aspects of environmental status in Pakistan.
相似文献
Himayatullah KhanEmail: |
98.
电解法处理含镍废水及纯镍的回收 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
雷英春 《城市环境与城市生态》2009,(3)
采用电解回收法处理Ni2+含量为2g/L的废水,在阴极回收纯镍。研究了电解电流、极距、NH4Cl浓度、pH值等因素对Ni2+去除率、槽压、阴极能耗的影响,得出最优工艺参数为:温度20℃,电解时间20min时、电解电流300mA,极距15mm,NH4Cl浓度5g/L,pH值8.0,该条件下Ni2+去除率为96.926%,槽压16.21V,阴极能耗22.418kW.h/kg,在阴极可得到沉积6.45μm厚的镍板。 相似文献
99.
100.
Ross Henderson 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》1989,32(2):73-76
This paper provides an outline of the development planning and development control systems which operate in Scotland, illustrating that while they share common principles and objectives with the equivalent systems in England and Wales there are a number of important differences both in law and more especially in practice to be appreciated. Future changes are outlined both in relation to the statutory planning system as well as in the broader fields of housing, economic development and the countryside. 相似文献