灾害教育类场所解说现状研究

防灾安全类博物馆、科技馆、遗址地、纪念馆等是开展灾害教育的最佳场所,此类场所公众灾害教育的开展依靠解说功能的发挥。目前关于灾害解说研究尚处于空白,故需对这类场所的解说理论与实践进行系统研究。本研究试图通过灾害类解说现状调查研究,发现问题,总结相应策略,促进社会灾害教育的开展。     

浅谈煤炭型城市污水处理发展现状及对策探讨

从鹤岗市城市污水处理现状出发,对城市生活污水受到严重污染所带来的问题与危害和鹤岗市污水处理事业发展现状及面临的问题和障碍,进行了分析和论述,提出水污染防治及污水处理工程的必要性,并在此基础上对建设中小型污水处理设施的必要性和紧迫性进行探讨。     

沈阳市农业生态足迹初步分析

在阐述生态足迹分析方法的基本原理和理论体系及分析方法的基础上,以沈阳市为研究对象,对沈阳2005年农业生态足迹进行分析。结果表明沈阳市农业生态足迹为1．6797hm^2／人,可利用的生态承栽力为0．20289hm^2／人,人均赤字达1．47689hm^2／人,说明沈阳市的经济是处于不可持续发展的状态。生态足迹分析是一种基于消费及土地面积的定量研究以衡量研究可持续发展的新发展。     

推行生态工业促进云南经济发展

工业发展给人类带来了巨大的进步,同时也给环境造成了严重的破坏,发展生态工业是实现可持续发展的必由之路。云南省正处雀加速工业化进程的新时期,要在资源环境的承载范围内快速、平稳的提高整体经济水平,缩短与发达地区的距离,就必须结合自身优势,努力发展生态工业。本文论述了云南省发展生态工业的必要性,联系生态工业的实现措施,针对云南省工业发展的现状提出了一些建议。     

CDM potential of SPV lighting systems in India

In view of the increasing interest in the development and dissemination of technologies for harnessing new and renewable sources of energy in India, there have also been some efforts towards their use in the domestic lighting sector. However, the cumulative number of Solar Photovoltaic (SPV) lighting systems such as SPV lanterns and solar home lighting systems in India is far below their theoretical potential despite government subsidy programmes. One of the major barriers is the high capital investment in these systems. The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) provides industrialized countries with an incentive to invest in emission reduction projects in developing countries to achieve a reduction in CO₂ emissions at lowest cost that also promotes sustainable development in the host country. SPV lanterns and solar home lighting systems could be of interest under the CDM because they directly displace greenhouse gas emissions while contributing to sustainable rural development. However, only two SPV projects have been submitted under the CDM so far. This study assesses the maximum theoretical as well as the realistically achievable CDM potential of SPV lanterns and solar home lighting systems in India. The SPV lantern project is financially viable at a certified emissions reductions (CER) price of 34 € whereas the solar home lighting project is financially viable at a CER price of 46 €. While the maximum mitigation volume is about 35 million tonne CO₂ on an annual basis, an estimate of achievable CER levels is done using the past diffusion trends of SPV systems. We find that annual CER volumes could reach 0.8 to 2.4 million by 2012 and 5.6 to 13.6 million by 2020. This would require that the government sets the subsidy level for SPV lighting systems at a level that allows them to become viable with the CER revenue. From a macro-economic point of view this makes sense if the sustainability benefits are deemed sufficiently high to warrant promotion of this type of project.

基于多故障冲击模型和故障树的PFDavg计算方法研究*

为提高安全仪表功能（SIF）要求时危险失效平均概率（PFDavg）计算结果的精确度,提出1种能准确计算SIF在多重共因失效影响下的PFDavg的数学模型。建立包含多重共因失效的系统失效故障树,然后利用多故障冲击模型区分普通失效率和多重共因失效率,根据瞬时不可用率的定义和故障树的逻辑关系计算出SIF的瞬时不可用率;基于PFDavg的定义,计算出SIF的PFDavg,以某化工企业SIF为例进行验证。结果表明:方法有效考虑了多重共因失效对SIF的影响,通过模型计算出SIF的PFDavg大于基于马尔可夫（Markov）方法的软件计算结果,但二者处于相同的数量级。模型在评估SIF的PFDavg时比传统方法偏保守,能提高安全仪表功能的安全性。     

Risky scenario identification in a risk perception scale for construction workers in Thailand

Introduction: Construction sites exhibit unique hazardous characteristics. Hence, investigating the causes of fatal and nonfatal accidents is extremely important to promote safety on construction sites. Literature shows a risk perception (RP) scale for construction workers; to expand the existing research, this study aims to identify risky scenarios for assessing the RP of Thai construction workers, with the goal of reducing workplace incidents. Method: The scale development process consists of four phases. Item development was also performed, followed by factor analysis. Reliability and validity assessments were finalized in the process. A survey of 500 construction workers in Thailand was conducted to investigate risky scenarios. Through the process, a total of 17 items remained in the final RP scale, and the reliability and validity of these items were confirmed. Results: The RP scale was affirmed to have four dimensions (probability, severity, worry, and unsafe). These dimensions of workers’ RP were negatively correlated with the workers’ risk-taking behaviors. This study further showed that participants with a high level of affective RP were more likely to have a high level of cognitive RP. Hence, those with a high level of RP tended to be involved in fewer risk-taking behaviors. Practical Applications: The final version of the scale was reliable and valid in determining the RP and risk-taking behaviors of construction workers in Thailand.     

UV-C辐照抑制铜绿微囊藻生长的动态实验研究

以我国典型淡水水华藻种铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa905)为研究对象,采用推流式低压紫外灯反应器研究在动态条件下Ultraviolet-C(UV-C)辐照对蓝藻生长抑制作用的效果.对数培养期的蓝藻液流经反应器进行UV-C辐照处理,其后正常培养,在培养期2 h、1 d、3 d、5 d、7 d、9 d分别取样,通过研究级倒置荧光显微镜在荧光视野下进行细胞计数.结果表明,辐照处理未引起铜绿微囊藻细胞的大量破裂死亡,36~115 mW.s.cm-2剂量范围的UV-C辐照能在9 d内有效抑制2.6×105~2.7×105cells.mL-1的铜绿微囊藻细胞密度增长,31~50 mW.s.cm-2剂量范围的UV-C辐照能在9d内有效抑制9.0×105~1.15×106cells.mL-1的铜绿微囊藻细胞密度增长.     

隧道工程行为的生态效应及其评价

将隧道工程行为对生态系统的影响分为物理效应、化学效应、生物效应和社会效应,论述了隧道工程行为影响下生态系统的变化,分析了各生态效应之间的联动作用及生态效应产生过程的特点,建立了基于背景值的参数系统模型以评价隧道工程行为生态效应的大小。     

学习实践科学发展观 强化乌海市环境保护工作

学习实践科学发展观活动,是党的十七大做出的战略决策,是当前和今后一个时期全党的重大政治任务。乌海市环境保护局根据中央要求和自治区党委及乌海市委的统一部署,结合乌海市环保工作实际和本部门的工作职能,以＂从严治局、从我做起＂为主题,通过认真组织、实际调研、分析检查、整改落实等学习活动,使全局广大干部职工增强了贯彻落实科学发展观,做好环保工作的责任感和紧迫感,推进和强化了乌海环境保护工作的管理与服务水平。