基于空间信息技术的矿区生态环境监测分析系统研究

基于遥感（ＲＳ）、地理信息系统（ＧＩＳ）、全球定位系统（ＧＰＳ）、辅以常规环境监测与分析手段建立矿区生态环境监测分析系统是矿区环境保护与治理及区域可持续发展的必然要求。对基于“３Ｓ”技术矿区生态环境监测分析系统的可行性和优越性进行了分析，并对系统的构成，建立系统的关键技术及其基本的应用进行了探讨。     

福州市区酸性降水现状分析

通过对1999年—2002年福州市区降水常规监测数据分析，初步探讨了福州市酸雨的时空分布特征、酸雨类型及产生原因。     

Establishing A Earth Observation Product Service For The Terrestrial Carbon Community: The Globcarbon Initiative

'Greenhouse gases', especially carbon dioxide, are intimately connected to climate change. To understand the future evolution of the climate system and find ways to manage the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide, the processes and feedbacks that drive the carbon cycle must first be understood. However, our current knowledge of spatial and temporal patterns is uncertain, particularly over land and in regions of potentially high sensitivity to change like the boreal zone. The European Space Agency (ESA) GLOBCARBON project aims to generate fully calibrated estimates of at-land products quasi-independent of the original Earth Observation source for use primarily in Dynamic Global Vegetation Models, but also as a contribution to the Global Carbon Project, a cooperation between the International Geosphere Biosphere Programme, International Human Dimensions Programme and the World Climate Research Programme to aid understanding of global carbon cycling. The service will feature estimation of global burned area, the fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (f_APAR), leaf area index (LAI) and Vegetation Growth Cycle. The demonstrator will focus on ten complete years, from 1998 to 2007 when overlap exists between ESA Earth Observation sensors and others that are synergistic. However, the system will be flexible so that it is not dependent on any single satellite sensor and therefore can be retrospectively applied to existing archives and used with future satellite sensors.     

ASSESSMENT OF STORMWATER RUNOFF FOR RECYCLE IN COOLING TOWERS AT KSC,FLORIDA1

ABSTRACT: In addition to measuring the quantity of stormwater runoff generated during ten rainfall events from the Vehicle Assembly Building (VAB) area of Kennedy Space Center (KSC), historical rainfall records were also used for determining the feasibility of implementing a program of stormwater recycling to air conditioning cooling towers. It was projected that 0.182 million gallons per day (MGD) of runoff would be generated from the VAR area during a year of average rainfall (48 inches); only 0.117 MGD is required for coolant makeup water in the VAR area. Due to the seasonal variations in rainfall, stormwater recycling may not always meet all the cooling water demands.     

Stress and recovery assessment during simulated microgravity: Effects of exercise during a long-term head-down tilt bed rest in women

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a 60-day head-down tilt long-term bed rest (HDT) on stress and recovery in sixteen healthy female volunteers. Participants were randomly assigned to either an exercise group (Exe) that followed a training program combining resistive and aerobic exercises, or to a no-exercise control group (Ctl). Psychological states were assessed using the Rest-Q, a validated questionnaire based on stress–recovery responses. A longitudinal analysis revealed significant changes in the general and specific-stress scales for all participants throughout the experiment with a critical stage from supine to standing posture leading to a significant decrease in physical recovery. During HDT, Exe reported higher scores on stress subscales, as well as lower recovery scores compared to the Ctl. During the post-HDT ambulatory recovery period, the exercisers still reported higher scores than the non-exercisers on the Lack of energy stress-related scale, along with lower scores in general well-being and personal accomplishment. The present findings show that simulated weightlessness such as HDT may induce psychological stress and lead to subsequent alterations in perceived recovery. Exercise did not reduce HDT impaired effects on stress and recovery states. Several suggestions, including psychological preparation, are proposed to support the beneficial effects of exercise on psychological factors.     

空间碎片防护结构优化设计理论模型

分析了空间碎片环境，提出了航天器对空间碎片的防护方案。对这种防护结构提出了优化设计模型     

陶瓷烧成中NOx生成及控制对策

通过对2种不同结构、不同烧成气氛的梭式窑的整个烧成过程中NOx生成进行测试分析,得出快速升温将增加整个陶瓷烧成过程中NOx的生成;其次,烧嘴的合理布置,改善窑体结构,加强高温阶段窑内温度场的均匀性,可以减少NOx的生成;第三,还原气氛可抑制NOx的生成;最后,提出降低陶瓷烧成中NOx生成的几点建议.     

Complexity change and space symmetry rupture

Is complexity growth the result of a continuous process or a sudden breakthrough? An increased energy density rate is the effect or the cause of a complexity leap? Should we approach complexity change by the perspective of components behaviour or system's space geometry? In this work we address some of the questions regarding the theoretical approach to complexity change. For this purpose a case study drawn by the productive structure and the transport system is considered. We would like here to propose an example in which the system structure is reshaped in a more energy intensive fashion as to increase the components’ interactions due to a symmetry rupture in the space. Flows throughout the system are thereby incremented in a discontinuous way by a complexity leap. In the case study, we analyze how the productive system evolved its structure, between 1970s and 1990s, to increase interactions among its parts and thus further develop the transport sub-system. A two-stage shift has been considered: the fordian and the post-fordian productive structure. The second structure, given the same amount of parts, has been shown to increase the degree of freedom (path length and path diversity) of the system. The underlying evolutionary pattern is then analyzed. This evolutionary pattern relies on the hypothesis that thermodynamic evolutionary systems are characterized by an ever growing influx of energy driven into the system by self-catalytic processes that must find their way through the constraints of the system. The system initially disposes of the energy by expanding, in extent and in the number of components, up to saturation due to inner or outer constraints. The two counteractive forces, constraints and growing energy flux, expose the system to new gradients. Every new (spatial) gradient upon the system represents a symmetry rupture in the components’ space. By exploring a new gradient, the system imposes further restrictions on its components and increases its overall degree of freedom. The counteractive effects of reduction/increase of degree of freedom concern two different hierarchical levels and occur at two different space and time scales.     

运载火箭电磁环境测量方法研究

目的研究运载火箭所面临电磁环境的特点,提出外部电磁环境和内部电磁环境的测量方法。方法针对运载火箭面临的外部电磁环境,研究对未知电磁环境的测量方法和测量数据的评估方法。针对内部的电磁环境,研究小型测量天线和测量时天线的修正系数。结果通过实验验证了对未知电磁环境测量方法的可行性,验证了使用小型化天线开展内部电磁环境测量的可行性。结论设计的电磁环境测量方法可以实现对未知环境的测量,可以实现对狭小空间电磁环境的测量,能为运载火箭电磁兼容性设计提供数据依据。     

Enhanced removal of Cr(VI) by biochar with Fe as electron shuttles

Biochar is extensively used as an effective soil amendment for environmental remediation. In addition to its strong contaminant sorption capability, biochar also plays an important role in chemical transformation of contaminant due to its inherent redox-active moieties. However, the transformation efficiency of inorganic contaminants is generally very limited when the direct adsorption of contaminants on biochar is inefficient. The present study demonstrates the role of Fe ion as an electron shuttle to enhance Cr(VI) reduction by biochars. Batch experiments were conducted to examine the effects of Fe(III) levels, pyrolysis temperature of biochar, initial solution pH, and biochar dosage on the efficiency of Cr(VI) removal. Results showed a significant enhancement in Cr(VI) reduction with an increase in Fe(III) concentration and a decrease of initial pH. Biochar produced at higher pyrolysis temperatures (e.g., 700°C) favored Cr(VI) removal, especially in the presence of Fe(III), while a higher biochar dosage proved unfavorable likely due to the agglomeration or precipitation of biochar. Speciation analysis of Fe and Cr elements on the surface of biochar and in the solution further confirmed the role of Fe ion as an electron shuttle between biochar and Cr(VI). The present findings provide a potential strategy for the advanced treatment of Cr(VI) at low concentrations as well as an insight into the environmental fate of Cr(VI) and other micro-pollutants in soil or aqueous compartments containing Fe and natural or engineered carbonaceous materials.